Production of X-rays

Question 1

What is the random change in direction after hitting something?

Answer 1

Scattering

Question 2

What is the deposition of energy in tissues?

Answer 2

Absorption

Question 3

What is the number of X-rays photons in a defined area of beam?

Answer 3

Intensity

Question 4

What is the reduction in intensity of beam due to scattering and absorption?

Answer 4

Attenuation

Question 5

What is the removal of electron from neutral atom to give negative electrons and positive ions?

Answer 5

Ionisation

Question 6

What is the ability of photons to pass through or into tissues/ materials?

Answer 6

Penetration

Question 7

What are the 4 X-ray interactions?

Answer 7

Completely scattered with no loss of energy
Absorbed with total loss of energy
Scattered with some absorption and loss of energy
Transmitted unchanged

Question 8

What is the amount of radiation absorbed by the patient?

Answer 8

Radiation dose

Question 9

Order the electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 9

Gamma ray
X-ray
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
Microwave
Radio

Question 10

What are the 2 types of image receptors?

Answer 10

Film
Digital

Question 11

What are the 2 types of film receptors?

Answer 11

Direct action film
Indirect action film

Question 12

What are the 2 types of digital films?

Answer 12

Solid state sensor
Photo-stimulable phosphor

Question 13

What type of image receptors are intra oral X-rays?

Answer 13

Direct film

Question 14

How do direct film receptors work?

Answer 14

X-rays act directly on silver halide crystals in film emulsion

Question 15

What type of image receptors are extra oral radiographs?

Answer 15

Indirect film

Question 16

How do indirect film receptors work?

Answer 16

Light from intensifying screens act on silver halide crystals in film emulsion

Question 17

How do digital PSP receptors work?

Answer 17

Latent image produced by interaction of X-rays with phosphor layer on plate

Question 18

What type of digital receptor is better tolerated?

Answer 18

PSP

Question 19

In PSP, what is produced when x-ray energy is stored in the electrons of the phosphor crystals?

Answer 19

latent image

Question 20

In PSP, what is stored energy released as?

Answer 20

blue light

Question 21

How is the image on the plate erased after scanning?

Answer 21

exposing phosphor to bright light

Question 22

what are 2 types of solid state?

Answer 22

CCD and CMOS

Question 23

What do x-rays hit within the sensor of CCD?

Answer 23

scintillator

Question 24

what differs CCD to CMOS?

Answer 24

CCD - each pixel is connected
CMOS - each photocell is electrically isolated

Question 25

what type of solid state uses less power?

Answer 25

CMOS

Question 26

What is exposure?

Answer 26

the amount of x-rays to produce an image

Question 27

What is PACS?

Answer 27

Picture archiving and communicating system - image storing

Question 28

What are the sizes of digital receptors -PSP?

Answer 28

0, 1, 2, 4

Question 29

What are PSP sizes 0, 1, 2 used for?

Answer 29

periapical and bitewings

Question 30

what are PSP sizes 0, 1 used for?

Answer 30

periapical anterior mouth of adult and all regions for children

Question 31

what are PSP size 2 used for?

Answer 31

posterior mouth of adults

Question 32

what is PSP size 4 used for?

Answer 32

occlusal

Question 33

what are the sizes of solid state receptors?

Answer 33

size 2