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Module 4 - radiology > Production of X-rays > Flashcards

Production of X-rays Flashcards

1
Q

What is the random change in direction after hitting something?

A

Scattering

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2
Q

What is the deposition of energy in tissues?

A

Absorption

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3
Q

What is the number of X-rays photons in a defined area of beam?

A

Intensity

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4
Q

What is the reduction in intensity of beam due to scattering and absorption?

A

Attenuation

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5
Q

What is the removal of electron from neutral atom to give negative electrons and positive ions?

A

Ionisation

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6
Q

What is the ability of photons to pass through or into tissues/ materials?

A

Penetration

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7
Q

What are the 4 X-ray interactions?

A

Completely scattered with no loss of energy
Absorbed with total loss of energy
Scattered with some absorption and loss of energy
Transmitted unchanged

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8
Q

What is the amount of radiation absorbed by the patient?

A

Radiation dose

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9
Q

Order the electromagnetic spectrum

A

Gamma ray
X-ray
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
Microwave
Radio

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of image receptors?

A

Film
Digital

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of film receptors?

A

Direct action film
Indirect action film

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of digital films?

A

Solid state sensor
Photo-stimulable phosphor

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13
Q

What type of image receptors are intra oral X-rays?

A

Direct film

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14
Q

How do direct film receptors work?

A

X-rays act directly on silver halide crystals in film emulsion

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15
Q

What type of image receptors are extra oral radiographs?

A

Indirect film

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16
Q

How do indirect film receptors work?

A

Light from intensifying screens act on silver halide crystals in film emulsion

17
Q

How do digital PSP receptors work?

A

Latent image produced by interaction of X-rays with phosphor layer on plate

18
Q

What type of digital receptor is better tolerated?

A

PSP

19
Q

In PSP, what is produced when x-ray energy is stored in the electrons of the phosphor crystals?

A

latent image

20
Q

In PSP, what is stored energy released as?

A

blue light

21
Q

How is the image on the plate erased after scanning?

A

exposing phosphor to bright light

22
Q

what are 2 types of solid state?

A

CCD and CMOS

23
Q

What do x-rays hit within the sensor of CCD?

A

scintillator

24
Q

what differs CCD to CMOS?

A

CCD - each pixel is connected
CMOS - each photocell is electrically isolated

25
Q

what type of solid state uses less power?

A

CMOS

26
Q

What is exposure?

A

the amount of x-rays to produce an image

27
Q

What is PACS?

A

Picture archiving and communicating system - image storing

28
Q

What are the sizes of digital receptors -PSP?

A

0, 1, 2, 4

29
Q

What are PSP sizes 0, 1, 2 used for?

A

periapical and bitewings

30
Q

what are PSP sizes 0, 1 used for?

A

periapical anterior mouth of adult and all regions for children

31
Q

what are PSP size 2 used for?

A

posterior mouth of adults

32
Q

what is PSP size 4 used for?

A

occlusal

33
Q

what are the sizes of solid state receptors?

A

size 2

Module 4 - radiology (14 decks)

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