Production and Action of hormones Flashcards
What do hormones control
Development and growth
Metabolism of food items
Sexual function and reproductive gorwth and health
Cognitive function and mood
Maintenance of body temperature and thirst
Name 10 Primary endocrine organs
Pineal Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Thymus Pancreas Adrenal Ovaries Testes
Name 6 Secondary endocrine organs
Heart Stomach Liver Kidneys SKin Small intestine
4 methods of local signalling
Gap Junctions
Contact-Dependant signals
Autocrine
Paracrine
Explain what is autocrine and paracrine signalling
Autocrine - target cell is the same cell that secreted signal
Paracrine - signal is secreted by one cell and diffuses to adjacent cells
What is another name for contact-dependant signals and what are they
Juxtacrine
Interaction between molecules on the surface membranes of cells
What is a neurohormone
Neurohormone is a hormone that is produced by neurosecretory cells and released by nerve impulses
Differences between neural and endocrine pathway
Neural is faster, has a single target cell, travels across synapse and each signal is identical in strength
Endocrine is much slower in comparison, it is exposed to all cells but only effects cells with receptors, travels in the blood and its intensity correlates to the amount of hormone secreted
What is an exocrine gland
A gland that secretes it’s products into ducts that lead to the target tissue
What endocrine glands secrete protein or peptide based hormones
Where are their receptors found
Ant. and Post. pituitary glands
Pancreas
Parathyroid
On the surface of the target cell
What glands secrete steroid hormones
Where are it’s receptors
Adrenal cortex, testes, ovaries and placenta
Intracellular
What glands secrete amino acid based hormones
Where are the receptors for these hormones found
thyriod and the adrenal medulla
Intracellular or extracellular
Characteristics of thyroid hormones
Derived from tyrosine
Lipophilic
bind to intracellular receptors
What are catecholamines
Neurohormones produced in the adrenal medulla and postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic NS
Tryptophan a precursor to
Serotonin
Melatonin
Vitamin B3
