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Physiology YR1 > Humonal regulation of digestion > Flashcards

Humonal regulation of digestion Flashcards

1
Q

What does parasympathetic nerve do in terms of digestion

A

Stimulates GI tract activity like:
secretion of digestive jucies
increased motoloty of the stomach
slowing down movement of food to SI

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2
Q

What are the endocrinal cells located within the GI tract called

A

Enteric endocrine system

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3
Q

What are enteroendocrine cells

A

Produces and release GI hormones

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4
Q

What are the intestinal enteroendocrine cells

A

G cells
S cells
Enterochromaffin-like cells

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5
Q

What do g cells release and what does it do

A

G cells release gastrin

stimulate gastric acid secretion

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6
Q

What do S cells secrete

What do they do

A

Secrete secretin from the SI
stimulate exocrine pancreatic secretion
like water and bicarbonate ion secretion

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7
Q

What do enterochromaffin-like cells secrete

What od they do

A

Secret histamine

Stimulate gastric acid secretion

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8
Q

What are gastric enteroendocrine cells

A

Chief cells

Parietal cells

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9
Q

What do chief cells secrete

A

secrete enzymes

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10
Q

What do Parietal cells secrete

A

Secrete HCL in the sotmach

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11
Q

What are pancreatic enteroendocrine cells called and what do they produce

A

Beta cells

Produce insulin

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12
Q

What does gastrin inhibitory peptide do

A

inhibits gastrin secretion and motility and stimulates secretion of insulin

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13
Q

What does somatostatin do

A

inhitnits gastrin and histamine secretion

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14
Q

What does cholecystokinin do

A

Stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes and contraction and emptying of gall bladder

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the cephalic phase of digestion

A

activation of the neural centre by smell, sight, and taste prepares mouth and stomach for food intake

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16
Q

What occurs in the cephalic phase

A

Smell, sight, taste, or thoughts of food activate the CNS
Impulses sent down the Vagus nerve to the submucosal plexus where:
mucous cells release mucous
chief cells release pepsinogen
parietal cells release HCL
G cells release gastrin

17
Q

What activates the gastric phase

A

Stretch receptors are activated by the food pushing on the stomach wall
Elevated pH also activates chemoreceptors

18
Q

What activates mixing waves of stomach

A

Gastrin and submucosal and myenteric plexus

19
Q

What does gastrin do in gastric phase

A

Secreted from G cells
Increases secretion of HCL into stomach
Increases release of histamine

20
Q

What does histamine do in gastric phase

A

Secreted from enterochromaffin-like cells

Increases HCL acid in the stomach

21
Q

What does somatostatin do in gastric phase

A

Produced by D cells in stomach
Secreted in response to acidic pH
Inhibits gastrin and histamine secretion

22
Q

Where are gastrin receptors predominately found

A

Parietal and ECL cells

23
Q

What does secretin do in intestinal phase

A

inhibits secretion of gastric acid from parietal cells

Stimulates production of bicarbonate solution from ductal cells

24
Q

What does Cholecystokinin do in intestinal

A

Released when fats/protein present in SI

Stimulates release of pancreatic enzyme and bile

25
Q

What does gastric inhibitory peptide do in intestinal

A

Stimulates insulin secretion from beta cells to reduce blood glucose
Inhibits gastrin secretion and motility

26
Q

Glucagon like peptide -1 function in intestinal phase

A

Secretes insulin to decrease blood glucose levels

27
Q

What is lipostatic theory

A

Signal from body’s fat stores to brain modulates appetite so body weight is maintained

  • Fat stores increase, eating decreases
  • Starvation eating increases
  • Obesity results from disruption to this pathway
28
Q

What is the glucostatic theory

A

Blood glucose levels control appetite

  • Increased blood glucose levels lead to sense of satiety
  • Decreased blood glucose levels lead to sense of hunger
29
Q

What occurs in the lipostatic theory

A

Neuropeptide Y stimulates hypothalamic feeding centre to increase food intake
this increase fat stores increasing leptin secretion

30
Q

What is leptin

A

Protein hormone synthesised by adipocytes

31
Q

What controls leptin syntehsis

A

ob gene

Physiology YR1 (23 decks)

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