Processes Flashcards
What is osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules, from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration
What are enzymes?
Enzymes break down large molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream in the villi
What is carbohydrase
An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates.
What is amylase
A type of carbohydrase that breaks down starch to form sugar
What is an enzyme
Enzymes are protein molecules that control the rate of reactions in your body and cells. They act as biological catalysts which speeds up rate of reaction.
What are the three enzymes?
Protease
Carbohydrase
Lipase
What is carbohydrase produced by
Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine. (They work in the mouth and small intestine)
What is the functions of protease
Breaks down protease to form amino acids
Produced by stomach, pancreas and small intestine which work in stomach and small intestine
What is the function of lipase
Made up of lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol. Produced by small intestine and pancreas.
What is anaerobic respiration
Respiration that occurs without oxygen
Where does anaerobic respiration take place
In the cytoplasm of the cell
Glucose + lactic acid (+energy)
What is oxygen debt
When the body owes oxygen that’s lost. O2 breaks down the lactic acid that’s built up. Lactic acid can be harmful to the body but lots of energy is in this acid that we need
What’s the equation for oxygen debt
Lactic acid + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
How does breathing happen?
The diaphragm contracts, moving down.
What are the four main components blood has?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
What are the adaptions of red blood cells?
Transports oxygen around the body with pigment haemoglobin
- don’t have nucleus for more oxygen
- biconcave shape increases rate of diffusion of oxygen
Why is it a problem if someone does not have platelets?
The platelets will clot, as a result they will continue to bleed out and it increases your chances of infection
What is atherosclerosis?
Where plaque builds up in the coronary arteries
What can atherosclerosis do
Restricts blood flow and narrows the artery due to atheroma.
What are the risk factors of cardiovascular disease?
Bad diet.
- genetics
- smoking
- diabetes
- obesity
- nutrition
- nutrition
- high blood pressure
- ethnic background
What are enzymes made from
Proteins
What are the molecules called that fit into enzymes
Substrate
What is the name of the area that these molecules fit
Active sit
What is the name of the model to show how enzymes work
Lock and key
What two factors can denature enzymes
Temperature and ph
Where does absorption take place
The small intestine
Why does lactose need to be broken down
Because they can’t be absorbed into the small intestine so the small intestine produces an enzyme called lactase
