Cells And Movement Across Cells Flashcards
What is the protein called inside the red blood cell?
Hemoglobin which makes the pigment red and also carries oxygen
What are the four important substances called that diffuse across our cell membranes?
Oxygen
Water
Sugars and amino acids
Carbon dioxide
Why does diffusion happen?
Diffusion happens because the molecules in liquids and gases are constantly moving and bumping into eachover.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the net (overall) movement of particles (molecules) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What type of process is diffusion?
Is a passive process which means no energy is needed
What do multicellular organisms differentiate into? Give an example
They are made up of many different types of cells to differentiate and become specialised cells. Example is red blood cells
What are specialised cells?
Specialised cells shape or structure has been changed in order for them to carry out a certain job. They are more efficient in performing specific functions than non specialised cells.
What is a solute?
A solute is a solid which dissolves in a solvent (e.g water) to form a solution. For example, sugar or salt
What is a dilute solution?
Dilute solutions contain a high concentration of water and a low concentration of solute (e.g sugar)
What is a concentrated solution?
Contains a high concentration of solute (e.g sugar) and a low concentration of water.
Give an example of a large molecules that cannot pass through through a selectively permeable membrane
Starch
What does selectively permeable membrane do?
Allow some substances to pass through them but not others
What is a dilute solution?
A dilute solution contains a high concentration of water molecules; while a concentrated solution contains a low concentration of water molecules.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules, from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, through a selectively permeable membrane. (Passive process)
What is the function of chloroplasts? And where is it found?
Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy. This is where photosynthesis occurs. (Found in plant cells only)
What is the function of the cell wall?
Made of a tough substance called cellulose, which supports the cell.
(Found in plant cells only)
What is the function of the vacuole? And where is it present?
Contains a liquid called cell sap, which keeps the cell firm (found in planet cells only)
What is the function of the mitochondria? And what cells is it found in?
Where respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell. Found in plant and animal cells.
What is the function of the nucleus? And where is it found?
Carries genetic information and controls what happens inside the cell (found in plant and animal cells)
What is the function of the cytoplasm? And what part is it found in?
Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions happen. Found in plant and animal cells.
What is the function of the cell membrane? And what is it found in?
Contains the movement of substances into and out the cell (found in plant and animal cells)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an electron microscope?
- You can see a more detailed specimens using a higher magnification
- Can only be used to view dead tissue
How do you convert millimetres into micrometers?
Multiply it by 1000
How do you calculate magnification?
Magnification= length of image divided by actual length
How do you calculate actual length?
Actual length = length of the image divided by actual length of magnification
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a light microscope
- can be used to only view living tissue
* Has a low maximum magnification so can’t study all the cells structures
What type of cells are animal and plant cells ?
Multicellular organisms
They consist of many cells that work together
