Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Core Biology > Problems Of And Solutions To A Changing Environment > Flashcards

Problems Of And Solutions To A Changing Environment Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a drug

A

Any chemical substance that changes the way our body works

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a narcotic

A

A drug that makes us sleepy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a pain killer

A

A drug such as morphine that blocks some electrical impulses so we feel less pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a hallucinogen

A

A drug that causes hallucinations such as LSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a stimulant

A

A drug that makes the brain more alert, e.g. Caffeine which speeds up the reaction time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are depressants

A

Drugs that increase our reaction time such as alcohol. They slow down activity of neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are recreational drugs

A

Drugs that make someone feel a certain way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can smoking cause

A

Tar in the cigarets contain chemicals called carcinogens that can cause cancer and kill tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is carbon monoxide so poisonous

A

It reduces the O2 capacity of red blood cells meaning tissue get less oxygen making it harder for muscles to work and some of the tissue may even die. Also reduces the size of blood vessels so body cells get even less O2. The dead tissue can also easily get infected if not removed which can cause further problems. Can also cause heart attack if heart gets too little oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do people get addicted to cigarets

A

Nicotine makes the smoker feel more relaxed making them want more and more making them addicted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do people drink alcohol

A

It increases their reaction times and reduces negative feelings making them feel happier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Short term effects of alcohol

A 
Blurred vision
Unconsciousness
Slow nervous system
Bad coordination
Being sick
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Long term effects of alcohol

A

Cirrhosis in the liver
Brain damage
Becoming an alcoholic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is cirrhosis

A

A disease caused by long term drinking that kills the tissue in the liver so it doesn’t function as well and can fail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the criteria doctors use when deciding who gets an organ transplant

A

Matching pairs
Similar ages
Geographically close
How ill the patient is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What makes a microorganism a pathogen

A

If they cause infectious diseases.

17
Q

What are vectors in terms of diseases

A

Animals that pass pathogens from person to person

18
Q

What are antiseptics and examples

A

Chemical substances that kill microorganisms from outside the body e.g. bleach or iodine

19
Q

Examples of physical barriers that stop pathogens getting into the body

A

Mucus traps microorganisms
Platelets in blood stop it microorganisms entering by creating clots and scabs
Hairs called cilia in the trachea sweep out mucus and the microorganisms trapped in it

20
Q

What are antibiotics

A

Chemical substances that kill or prevent the growth of some bacteria and fungi. Don’t stop viruses

21
Q

What are antibiotics that kill fungi called

A

Antifungals

22
Q

What are bacteria that kill bacteria called

A

Antibactials

23
Q

Why can over using antibiotics be bad

A

Like natural selection, some of the pathogens are more resistant and will survive and make more of themselves making more resistant pathogens and soon the antibiotic won’t work anymore

24
Q

Levels in food webs

A

Producers: make their own food
Prey: eat producers (primary consumers)
Predators: top of chain, eat prey, aren’t eaten (secondary producers)

25
Q

What is biomass

A

Tissue in an organism that stores energy and when the organism is eaten, the energy in the biomass is passed on

26
Q

Why isn’t their anything that eats predators

A

There isn’t enough biomass per square meter to support an organism that feeds of predators, they would have to travel hundreds of miles daily to support their energy needs

27
Q

What is a parasite and host

A

A parasite is something that uses the host to feed, feeds of the host such as fleas and host blood

28
Q

What are mutualists

A

When 2 organisms live with each other and benefit each other such as oxpeckers and ox s, oxpeckers gets food from ox as it feeds of the parasites living on the ox and the ox benefits as the parasites on the ox are removed

29
Q

How can a tapeworm kill its host

A

They live in the intestine and grow in their bodies, if it gets too big it can block the hosts intestines and starve them

30
Q

Example of mutualists living in a host

A

Nitrogen fixing bacteria living in roots of legumes in plants get protection and plant gets nitric compounds that it needs to grow well

31
Q

Why has hum population grown lots in the last 2 centuries

A

Because better medication means more people survive and can make children

32
Q

How can using fertiliser lead to water organisms dying

A 
Fertiliser (nitrates) are spread onto a field. 
Rain washes them off into a river
River flows into pond
Fertiliser is now in pond
Fertiliser triggers growth of algae
Lots of algae grow and cover pond
Under algae is dark
Plants under water can't get light
Plants die
Animals in water have nothing to eat
Animals die
This is called eutrophication
33
Q

How is acid rain made

A

Power stations create sulphur dioxide
This condenses in the cloud with water
This makes sulphuric acid
When cloud rains acid falls

34
Q

What is an indicator species

A

A species of organism that reacts to changing pollution levels and can indicate the levels of pollution

35
Q

What is recycling

A

The process of taking materials out of waste and converting them back into new useable products

36
Q

How is co2 removed from the air

A

It diffuses into leaves and it becomes glucose during photosynthesis

37
Q

How do we get and what do we use nitrogen compounds for

A

Through food and used for growth

38
Q

How is nitrogen converted into nitrates

A

Lightning gives enough energy to make it react with oxygen
Nitrogen fixing bacteria fix nitrogen to ammonia which can be used by plants
Nitrifying bacteria can turn nitrogen into nitrates which are better than a ammonia

Core Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions