Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Core Biology > B1.3 > Flashcards

B1.3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a drug

A

Any chemical substance that changes how our body works

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 main types of drugs and what do they do

A

Narcotics, make you sleepy
Painkillers block pain nerve impulses so no pain
Hallucinogens distort our senses and cause hallucinations
Stimulants reduce reaction time and increase time of neurotransmission across synapses
Depressants slow down activity of neurones making you more relaxed and increasing reaction time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a carcinogen

A

Something that causes cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous

A

Reduces the capacity of red blood cells so less oxygen gets through the body. Also reduce size of blood vessels so even less blood and may cause tissue to die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is smoking so dangerous

A

The smoke contains carbon monoxide and the tar has lots of carcinogens, and the tobacco smoke has lots of harmful chemicals that damage living tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes cigarettes to be addictive

A

The nicotine in the tobacco and it can cause addiction which last years after just 4 cigarettes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the short term effects of alcohol

A

Alcohol slows nerve impulses causing dizziness, slow reactions, blurred vision and worse coordination. Lots of it can cause unconsciousness and possible death from choking on vomira

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Long term effects of alcohol

A

Cirrhosis of the liver meaning liver doesn’t work properly and alcohol isn’t filtered out. Also cause brain damage affecting learning, memory and can cause blood clots. Also become addicted, alcoholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main criteria for organ transplant

A

How well the tissues match
How similar age they are
How close together they are geographically
How I’ll and likely the patient is to survive the operation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What other think affects organ donation

A

If it is ethically right, e.g. Giving a new liver to an alcoholic who may just destroy it again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What ar the h four types of pathogens and examples

A

Bacteria: food poisoning
Viruses: measles, aids
Fungi: athletes foot
Protoctists: malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are pathogens spread and examples

A 
Water, may contain bacteria
Vectors such as mosquitoes and houseflies
Food may contain dangerous bacteria
Contact, fungi spread by contact of skin
Airborne, viruses such as from sneezes
Body fluid, pathogens like hiv
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between antiseptics and antibiotics

A

Antiseptics kill microorganisms outside the body, antibiotics destroy only bacteria and some fungi in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the barriers humans have against pathogens

A

Tear glans make lysozyme that kill micro organisms
Nose hairs filter out dust
Mucus traps microorganisms and is swept out by cilia in the wind pipe
Skin forms scabs when there are cuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are producers

A

Organisms such as plants that produce there own food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are primary consumers

A

Organisms that eat producers such as cows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are secondary consumers

A

Organisms that eat primary consumers, lions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are trophies levels

A

Levels of a food chain

19
Q

How is energy lost in food chains

A

Through living and respiration, heat

20
Q

How is energy transferred in food chains

A

The energy stored as biomass is the only energy that gets passed in

21
Q

Why doesn’t anything eat lions

A

There aren’t enough lions to support an animal that ate them so that organism would have to travel loads for each meal

22
Q

What is a pyramid of biomass

A

A pyramid showing the biomass per meter squared of each organism in a biomass pyramid

23
Q

What is parasitism

A

A relationship between two organisms where the parasite feeds and the host is its food

24
Q

Give examples of parasite

A

Head lice, fleas, tapeworms

25
Q

What is mutualism

A

A relationship between two organisms and they both benefit from it

26
Q

Give two examples of mutualistic relationships

A

Oxpeckers and ox, ox gets parasite removed and oxpecker gets food
Cleaner fish and sharks, sharks get dead skin and parasites removed, cleaner fish get food

27
Q

What do nitrogen fixing do

A

They live in plant legumes and get protection, in turn they turn nitrogen into the air into nitrates which the plants need to produce proteins and grow

28
Q

What are chemosynthetic bacteria and what kind of relationship do they have with tubeworms

A

They are producers but rather than get energy from sunlight, they get it from chemical substances. Some of these bacteria live in giant tubeworms, the tubeworms gather the chemicals for the bacteria and feed from the products the bacteria make

29
Q

What do fertilisers contain and why

A

Nitrates and phosphates as plants need them to grow well

30
Q

Why was there rapid population growth in the nineteenth and twentieth century’s

A

Because increases in food production, medication and better living conditions meant more people survived chiledhood and had children of there own who also survived

31
Q

Why is sulphur dioxide so dangerous

A

If it gets into the air, it will condense with water vapour and form sulphuric acid. This will rain and erode limestone paths, kill trees and acidity lakes so plant and animals can’t liv in them

32
Q

What are indicator species and name 3 of them

A

Species that can be used to show us the presence of pollution, blackspit fungus in roses, bloodworms and lichens

33
Q

How can we use black spot fungus as an indicator

A

In polluted air with lots of sulphur dioxide, blackspot fungus dies

34
Q

How can lichens be used as an indicator

A

Some species of lichen live better than others depending on the air condition. E.g. Some live well with sulphur dioxide and others die

35
Q

How can we detect pollution in waters

A

Stonefly larvae and freshwater shrimps live in clean water with lots of oxygen, bloodworms and sludgeworms live well in polluted water as they’re adapted to live in water with low oxygen levels

36
Q

How do plants remove carbon from the air

A

Take it in a co2 during photosynthesis, then the carbon atom becomes part of another molecule, glucose and the o2 is released. This glucose is either turned back into co2 during respiration or it will become other carbon molecules and become plant biomass

37
Q

What is the carbon cycle, starting from co2 in the air

A

Co2 in air is taken in by plants, these release some co2 in respiration. The rest of the carbon becomes biomass and is either eaten by other animals or it dies and is eaten by decomposers or becomes fossil fuel. If it becomes fossil fuel, eventually the co2 will be released in combustion back into the air. If decomposed, decomposers will release the co2 through respiration. If eaten, the animal will release it as co2 in respiration. Animal either becomes fossil fuel or is decomposed

38
Q

Why do plants need nitrogen and how do they get it

A

They need it to make proteins and grow, they can’t use nitrogen in the air so need nitrogen compounds. Roots absorb nitrates in the ground

39
Q

Why do animals need nitrogen and how do they get it

A

They also need it to make proteins and also cant get it from the air. They need to get it from eating plants however some of the nitrates are lost in waste such as urea in urine.

40
Q

What role do decomposers have in the nitrogen cycle

A

They break down plants, animals and animal waste into ammonia and release it into the soil which plants can use

41
Q

Why are nitrogen fixing bacteria so important

A

They convert nitrogen in the air to ammonia for plants to use

42
Q

How is the relationship between plants and nitrogen fixing bacteria mutualistic

A

Plants provide shelter and protection for the bacteria in root nodules and the bacteria provide the plants with ammonia

43
Q

What do nitrifying bacteria do

A

Turn ammonia into nitrates which plants grow better with

44
Q

What do de nitrifying bacteria do

A

Convert nitrates in the soil into oxygen and nitrogen when there isn’t enough oxygen in the soil such as when its waterlogged

Core Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions