Classificatins, Variation And Inheritence Flashcards
What is a species
A group of organisms with many common characteristics and can interbreed and produce offspring that are fertile
What is a genus
Species that share many similar characteristics
What is a family and kingodom
A family is a group of genus that share characteristics and a kingdom is a group of family that share many characteristics
What are the 5 kingdoms
Animals:multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls, complex cell structures
Plantar: multicellular, autotrophic, cell walls and complex cell structures
Fungi: multicellular, cell walls but not made of cellulose, saprophytic and complex cell structure
Protoctista: mostly unicellular and complex cell structure, with nucleus
Prokaryotae unicellular with simple cell structure and no nucleus
What are viruses
A particle can doesn’t show life but enters living cells are changes how they work.
What is classification
Grouping different organisms based on their characteristics
What is a backbone and what is its purpose
A bone that runs down the body of vertebrates and is made up of many small vertebrae that supports the body
3 ways vertebrates can obtain O2
Fish from water using gills
Land mammals lungs
Young amphibians through skin
Difference between mammals and bird/reptiles
Mammals give birth to live offspring meaning they’re viviparous whereas birds and reptiles lay eggs so they are oviparous
What are homeotherms
Vertebrate that keep their body temperature the same no matter the external temperature
What are poikilotherms
Vertebrates that body temperature varies with the temperature of their surroundings
What are the 5 groups of vertebrates
Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fish
What are hybrids
Animals that parents come from two separate similar species and aren’t in either species as they have characterises of both species. They are also mostly infertile.
What is a ring species
When there is a chain of different populations that can breed with a neighbouring population but organisms on either end of the chain ant interbreed
How is an animals scientific name made
Made up with two Latin words (the genus and species of the animal) so if the two organisms share the same first word they’re closely related. This is the binomial system
Why do scientists need to have more than one new organism before they can classify it as a new species
It might just be a variant of an existing steadies or just a hybrid.
What is biodiversity and why is it important
A measure of the total number of different species in the area. It’s important because we know which areas need most money spent on and higher biodiversity gives us more choices is in food etc. Spend more money on higher biodiverse areas to conserve the different species
What causes variation
The habitats the organism lives in.
What is adaptation
When organisms have certain characteristics that help them survive in their habitat
Polar bear adaptations 6
Rough soles to grip ice
White fur for camouflage
Thick blubber for insulation
Small ears so it doesn’t lose too much heat
Large feat for larger surface area so it doesn’t sink into the snow
Thick fur for insulation
Pompeii worm adaptations 4
Thick layer of bacteria on skin to protect for large temperature changes
No eyes as it is too dark to see but very sensitive tentacles so it can find its way around
Body adapted for very high pressures
Hides in a papery tube to protect it from predators
What is an acquired characteristic
Characteristics that are caused by the environment causing environmental variation between organisms
What is natural selection
A natural process in which the organisms better adapted to an environment survive but the less adapted ones die meaning they can’t pass on their genes but the surviving ones can passing on that adaptation
What does evolution mean
A gradual change over time
How do species become extinct
If there is a sudden change in the environment that causes all the organisms to die
What is speciation
When a species lives in two or more places and individuals from each place gradually change to suit their environment and over time change so much that individuals from each place can’t breed with each other anymore making them two separate species
What is a chromosome
A structure made up of DNA which is found in the nucleus
What is a gene
A section of DNA that control our characteristics
What is inherited variation
Variation caused by our genes as they are inherited from out parents
Why are chromosomes like a set of books
Each chromosome is a separate book with an instruction needed to produce a certain organism (e.g. One may have instructions for height and eye colour ) and with all of the chromosomes put together they contain the full instructions to make an organism
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
23 which contain around 23000 genes in total
What is an allele
There is two copies of every chromosome in a cell nucleus so there are also two copies of each gene. These genes may be slightly different ( e.g. One may say blue eyes and the other may say brown eyes) different versions of the same gene are called alleles
Why are gametes different to normal cells
They only have 1 copy of each chromosome so instead of having 46 they have 23
What are dominant and recessive alleles
Dominant one will happen if both alleles are the same, or one is dominant and one is recessive. Recessive one will only happen if both alleles are recessive
Difference between homozygous and heterozygous organisms
Homozygous are organisms where each allele in an organism are the same
Heterozygous are organisms are where each allele in an organism are different
Symptoms of sickle cell disease
Getting tired easily as blood cells can carry as much O2 so they become tired quicker
Really painful joints as the blood cells often stick together and block blood vessels.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis
Clogged up lungs with mucus making breathing difficult
Weight loss as the mucus blocks some of the tubes that carry enzymes to the intestine to digest food
