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Core Biology > Classificatins, Variation And Inheritence > Flashcards

Classificatins, Variation And Inheritence Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a species

A

A group of organisms with many common characteristics and can interbreed and produce offspring that are fertile

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2
Q

What is a genus

A

Species that share many similar characteristics

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3
Q

What is a family and kingodom

A

A family is a group of genus that share characteristics and a kingdom is a group of family that share many characteristics

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4
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms

A

Animals:multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls, complex cell structures
Plantar: multicellular, autotrophic, cell walls and complex cell structures
Fungi: multicellular, cell walls but not made of cellulose, saprophytic and complex cell structure
Protoctista: mostly unicellular and complex cell structure, with nucleus
Prokaryotae unicellular with simple cell structure and no nucleus

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5
Q

What are viruses

A

A particle can doesn’t show life but enters living cells are changes how they work.

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6
Q

What is classification

A

Grouping different organisms based on their characteristics

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7
Q

What is a backbone and what is its purpose

A

A bone that runs down the body of vertebrates and is made up of many small vertebrae that supports the body

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8
Q

3 ways vertebrates can obtain O2

A

Fish from water using gills
Land mammals lungs
Young amphibians through skin

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9
Q

Difference between mammals and bird/reptiles

A

Mammals give birth to live offspring meaning they’re viviparous whereas birds and reptiles lay eggs so they are oviparous

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10
Q

What are homeotherms

A

Vertebrate that keep their body temperature the same no matter the external temperature

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11
Q

What are poikilotherms

A

Vertebrates that body temperature varies with the temperature of their surroundings

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12
Q

What are the 5 groups of vertebrates

A 
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fish
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13
Q

What are hybrids

A

Animals that parents come from two separate similar species and aren’t in either species as they have characterises of both species. They are also mostly infertile.

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14
Q

What is a ring species

A

When there is a chain of different populations that can breed with a neighbouring population but organisms on either end of the chain ant interbreed

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15
Q

How is an animals scientific name made

A

Made up with two Latin words (the genus and species of the animal) so if the two organisms share the same first word they’re closely related. This is the binomial system

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16
Q

Why do scientists need to have more than one new organism before they can classify it as a new species

A

It might just be a variant of an existing steadies or just a hybrid.

17
Q

What is biodiversity and why is it important

A

A measure of the total number of different species in the area. It’s important because we know which areas need most money spent on and higher biodiversity gives us more choices is in food etc. Spend more money on higher biodiverse areas to conserve the different species

18
Q

What causes variation

A

The habitats the organism lives in.

19
Q

What is adaptation

A

When organisms have certain characteristics that help them survive in their habitat

20
Q

Polar bear adaptations 6

A

Rough soles to grip ice
White fur for camouflage
Thick blubber for insulation
Small ears so it doesn’t lose too much heat
Large feat for larger surface area so it doesn’t sink into the snow
Thick fur for insulation

21
Q

Pompeii worm adaptations 4

A

Thick layer of bacteria on skin to protect for large temperature changes
No eyes as it is too dark to see but very sensitive tentacles so it can find its way around
Body adapted for very high pressures
Hides in a papery tube to protect it from predators

22
Q

What is an acquired characteristic

A

Characteristics that are caused by the environment causing environmental variation between organisms

23
Q

What is natural selection

A

A natural process in which the organisms better adapted to an environment survive but the less adapted ones die meaning they can’t pass on their genes but the surviving ones can passing on that adaptation

24
Q

What does evolution mean

A

A gradual change over time

25
Q

How do species become extinct

A

If there is a sudden change in the environment that causes all the organisms to die

26
Q

What is speciation

A

When a species lives in two or more places and individuals from each place gradually change to suit their environment and over time change so much that individuals from each place can’t breed with each other anymore making them two separate species

27
Q

What is a chromosome

A

A structure made up of DNA which is found in the nucleus

28
Q

What is a gene

A

A section of DNA that control our characteristics

29
Q

What is inherited variation

A

Variation caused by our genes as they are inherited from out parents

30
Q

Why are chromosomes like a set of books

A

Each chromosome is a separate book with an instruction needed to produce a certain organism (e.g. One may have instructions for height and eye colour ) and with all of the chromosomes put together they contain the full instructions to make an organism

31
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

A

23 which contain around 23000 genes in total

32
Q

What is an allele

A

There is two copies of every chromosome in a cell nucleus so there are also two copies of each gene. These genes may be slightly different ( e.g. One may say blue eyes and the other may say brown eyes) different versions of the same gene are called alleles

33
Q

Why are gametes different to normal cells

A

They only have 1 copy of each chromosome so instead of having 46 they have 23

34
Q

What are dominant and recessive alleles

A

Dominant one will happen if both alleles are the same, or one is dominant and one is recessive. Recessive one will only happen if both alleles are recessive

35
Q

Difference between homozygous and heterozygous organisms

A

Homozygous are organisms where each allele in an organism are the same
Heterozygous are organisms are where each allele in an organism are different

36
Q

Symptoms of sickle cell disease

A

Getting tired easily as blood cells can carry as much O2 so they become tired quicker
Really painful joints as the blood cells often stick together and block blood vessels.

37
Q

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

Clogged up lungs with mucus making breathing difficult

Weight loss as the mucus blocks some of the tubes that carry enzymes to the intestine to digest food

Core Biology (6 decks)

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