B1.1 Flashcards
What is a Species Genus Family Kingdom
A group of organisms with many common characteristics
A group of species with many common characteristics
A group of many genera (genus plural) with many common characteristics
A group of family with many common characteristics
What are bacteria
Basic
Simple cells with no nucleus
What is autotrophic feeding
When the organism creates its own food, e.g. Photosynthesis
What does it mean if an animal eats heterophically
They eat and digest other organisms like us
What does it mean if an organism feeds saprophytically
The organism digests other organisms for food but outside the body such as fungi
What are the 5 kingdoms
Animal is Plantage Fungi Protoctista Prokaryotae
Characteristics of animalia
Multicellular, heterotrophic feeders, no cell walls, complex cell structure with nucleus
Characteristics of plantae
Multicellular, autotrophic so have chlorophyll, cell walls made of cellulose, complex cell structure with nucleus
Properties of fungi
Multicellular, cell walls but not made from cellulose, saprophytic, complex cell structure with nucleus
Properties of protoctista
Mostly unicellular (some multicellular), complex cell structure with nucleus
Prokaryotae
Unicellular, simple structure with no nucleus
What is special about viruses
Aren’t in a kingdom as most scientists don’t believe they are living as they dont grow or feed, they change how other cells work and cause them to make copies of the virus
What are vertebrates
Animals with a spine made of certain Rae
What are invertebrates
Animal with no vertebrae
What are the 5 groups of vertebrate
Fish, birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles
What does oviparous mean
Use internal fertilisation to reproduce and lay eggs
Fish, reptiles, birds
What does it mean to be viviparous
Use internal fertilisation and give birth to live offspring, mammals
What are homeotherms and poikilotherms
Homeotherms are vertebrates that regulate their temperature
Poikilotherms don’t regulate their core temp and it varies based on the environment
What is the definition of a species
A group of organism that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What are hybrids
Offspring from two very closely related species
What is a ring species
When neighbouring populations of a group can interbreed to make fertile offspring but eventually, the characteristics of the two ends become so different, the ends can’t interbreed
What is the binomial system and why is it so useful
Latin system used to name organisms, first word is the genus and the second is the species. Useful as it is universal, all scientists understand it
Why is it hard for scientists to class a “new organism”
They have to find out first if it’s just a variation of an already known species or if it’s just a hybrid
What is biodiversity
The measure of how many different species are in an area
What is good about biodiverse areas
They recover from natural disasters much faster than less diverse areas. They are the places that we should look after most as the have the most different species
What are the adaptations of polar bears
Small ears so don't lose too much heat from them White fur for camouflage Thick fatty layer for warmth Large feet for greater surface area Thick fur insulation Rough soles to grip ice
Adaptations of deep sea Pompeii worms
Adapted for pleasures 200x that at sea level
No eyes but sensitive tentacles as there’s no light
Stays in a papery tube to protect it
Overhead in a thick layer of bacteria to cope with large temperature changes and protection from heat
What is natural selection
Where organisms of a species compete to survive. The ones with the best variations will be more likely to survive than those without them. The ones that reach adulthood will be able to pass on that beneficial variation
What is a chromosome
A structure formed from a strand of DNA
What do chromosomes store
The instructions for parts of the person, e.g. One chromosome may contain info for height, eye colour and nose shape
What are alleles
Different versions of the same gene. They control same things, e.g. Eye colour, but one May Day blue, the other May said brown
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
23
What is a genotype and phenotype
Genotype is the alleles in an organism. Recessive or dominant.
Phenotype is what it looks like. Purple, white etc
What is the difference between being homozygous and heterozygous
Homozygous is where both alleles of a gene are the same and heterozygous is where they are different
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis
Breathing is difficult
Lots of flemme
Weight loss due to mucus blocking tubes that carry enzymes to the digestive system
Symptoms of sickle cell disease
Easily tired
Achy joints due to blood clots
Short of breath
