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Core Biology > B1.1 > Flashcards

B1.1 Flashcards

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1
Q 
What is a 
Species
Genus
Family
Kingdom
A

A group of organisms with many common characteristics
A group of species with many common characteristics
A group of many genera (genus plural) with many common characteristics
A group of family with many common characteristics

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2
Q

What are bacteria

Basic

A

Simple cells with no nucleus

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3
Q

What is autotrophic feeding

A

When the organism creates its own food, e.g. Photosynthesis

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4
Q

What does it mean if an animal eats heterophically

A

They eat and digest other organisms like us

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5
Q

What does it mean if an organism feeds saprophytically

A

The organism digests other organisms for food but outside the body such as fungi

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6
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms

A 
Animal is
Plantage
Fungi
Protoctista
Prokaryotae
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7
Q

Characteristics of animalia

A

Multicellular, heterotrophic feeders, no cell walls, complex cell structure with nucleus

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8
Q

Characteristics of plantae

A

Multicellular, autotrophic so have chlorophyll, cell walls made of cellulose, complex cell structure with nucleus

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9
Q

Properties of fungi

A

Multicellular, cell walls but not made from cellulose, saprophytic, complex cell structure with nucleus

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10
Q

Properties of protoctista

A

Mostly unicellular (some multicellular), complex cell structure with nucleus

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11
Q

Prokaryotae

A

Unicellular, simple structure with no nucleus

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12
Q

What is special about viruses

A

Aren’t in a kingdom as most scientists don’t believe they are living as they dont grow or feed, they change how other cells work and cause them to make copies of the virus

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13
Q

What are vertebrates

A

Animals with a spine made of certain Rae

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14
Q

What are invertebrates

A

Animal with no vertebrae

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15
Q

What are the 5 groups of vertebrate

A

Fish, birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles

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16
Q

What does oviparous mean

A

Use internal fertilisation to reproduce and lay eggs

Fish, reptiles, birds

17
Q

What does it mean to be viviparous

A

Use internal fertilisation and give birth to live offspring, mammals

18
Q

What are homeotherms and poikilotherms

A

Homeotherms are vertebrates that regulate their temperature

Poikilotherms don’t regulate their core temp and it varies based on the environment

19
Q

What is the definition of a species

A

A group of organism that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

20
Q

What are hybrids

A

Offspring from two very closely related species

21
Q

What is a ring species

A

When neighbouring populations of a group can interbreed to make fertile offspring but eventually, the characteristics of the two ends become so different, the ends can’t interbreed

22
Q

What is the binomial system and why is it so useful

A

Latin system used to name organisms, first word is the genus and the second is the species. Useful as it is universal, all scientists understand it

23
Q

Why is it hard for scientists to class a “new organism”

A

They have to find out first if it’s just a variation of an already known species or if it’s just a hybrid

24
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The measure of how many different species are in an area

25
Q

What is good about biodiverse areas

A

They recover from natural disasters much faster than less diverse areas. They are the places that we should look after most as the have the most different species

26
Q

What are the adaptations of polar bears

A 
Small ears so don't lose too much heat from them
White fur for camouflage
Thick fatty layer for warmth
Large feet for greater surface area
Thick fur insulation
Rough soles to grip ice
27
Q

Adaptations of deep sea Pompeii worms

A

Adapted for pleasures 200x that at sea level
No eyes but sensitive tentacles as there’s no light
Stays in a papery tube to protect it
Overhead in a thick layer of bacteria to cope with large temperature changes and protection from heat

28
Q

What is natural selection

A

Where organisms of a species compete to survive. The ones with the best variations will be more likely to survive than those without them. The ones that reach adulthood will be able to pass on that beneficial variation

29
Q

What is a chromosome

A

A structure formed from a strand of DNA

30
Q

What do chromosomes store

A

The instructions for parts of the person, e.g. One chromosome may contain info for height, eye colour and nose shape

31
Q

What are alleles

A

Different versions of the same gene. They control same things, e.g. Eye colour, but one May Day blue, the other May said brown

32
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

A

23

33
Q

What is a genotype and phenotype

A

Genotype is the alleles in an organism. Recessive or dominant.
Phenotype is what it looks like. Purple, white etc

34
Q

What is the difference between being homozygous and heterozygous

A

Homozygous is where both alleles of a gene are the same and heterozygous is where they are different

35
Q

Symptoms of cystic fibrosis

A

Breathing is difficult
Lots of flemme
Weight loss due to mucus blocking tubes that carry enzymes to the digestive system

36
Q

Symptoms of sickle cell disease

A

Easily tired
Achy joints due to blood clots
Short of breath

Core Biology (6 decks)

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