problems in education (material and cultural deprivation) Flashcards
what is material deprivation?
lack of resources to succeed. close link with poverty and underachievement.
what is cultural deprivation?
lacking the knowledge, attitudes, values and language to help you succeed that are often learnt during primary socialisation
how does housing effect pupils? (MATERIAL FACTOR)
- no invites for tea = no social life
- overcrowding = hard to study
- disturbed sleep
- nowhere to play
- cold and damp house
- living in temporary accommodation means constantly moving house
how does diet and health effect pupils? (MATERIAL FACTOR)
HOWARD researched children’s nutrition and poor health effects:
- weakening the immune system - more time off school
- lower concentration levels
what are the costs of free education (MATERIAL FACTOR)
transport
books
computers
tutors
clubs
trips
uniform
equipment
smith and noble - material deprivation
their research showed reasons people fail:
- poor people often stigmatized by peers
- FSM often not taken up
- some children work part-time
- education matienence allowance abolished in 2011
berstein - speech codes (CULTURAL DEPREVATION)
- WC parents use restricted speech (short sentences, gestures, slang)
- MC parents use elaborated speech (correct grammar, complex sentences, wide vocab)
- the education system uses elaborated speech that disadvantages WC children
examples of elaborated speech codes in school (CULTURAL DEPRIVATION)
- exam papers
- books
- teachers (rhetorical questions)
- english literature
leon feinstein - language (CULTURAL DEPRIVATION)
- educated parents use language that challenges children to evaluate their own understanding
- less educated parents use language that only requires simple descriptions and decisions
leon feinstein - parental influence (CULTURAL DEPRIVATION)
- educated parents socialise their children in ways that support their education: constant discipline and high expectations
- less educated parenting tends to be harsh and inconstant - ‘do as your are told’ approach
middle class parenting styles (CULTURAL DEPRIVATION)
- reading, songs, painting, helping with homework etc
- give expert advice
- establish good relationships with the school
- museums and libraries - educational
- use higher income more effectively
how cultural capital is used within schools (gewirtz)
- middle class parents are privileged-skilled choosers (GEWIRTZ)
- MC parents can get their children into the best schools
- MC parents know the admissions system
- know how to make effective choices
- have the right social networks
- know the appeals procedures
- often visit the school
barry sugarman - subcultures (CULTURAL DEPRIVATION)
- argues that different subcultures have different values, beliefs and norms
MIDDLE CLASS CULTURE:
- opportunistic
- deferred gratification
- future time orientated
- individualism
WORKING CLASS CULTURE:
- fatalistic
- present time orientated
- immediate gratification
- collectivism
what is compensatory education?
- policies designed to raise the achievement levels of students from culturally deprived backgrounds
E.G:
- education action zones
- EMA
- sure start
- speech therapists
- operation head start (USA)
- before and after school clubs
keddie - myth of cultural deprivation
- argues cultural deprivation is a victim blaming explanation
- cant be deprived of your own culture
- culturally different, not culturally deprived
- education system is dominated by middle class values
