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Pelicano 3rd Semester > Problems affecting neurological Functions > Flashcards

Problems affecting neurological Functions Flashcards

0
Q

What is sensory aphasia?

A

Inability to comprehend spoken or written word

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1
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Language function defective or absent due to injury of cerebral cortex

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2
Q

What is motor aphasia?

A

Inability to use symbols of speech

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3
Q

What is global aphasia?

A

Inability to understand spoken word or to speak

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4
Q

What is dysarthria aphasia?

A

Poorly articulated speech usually a physical (muscle/nerve) problem

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5
Q

Why do we culture CSF?

A

To diagnose specific conditions

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6
Q

If protein is in CSF what can it indicate

A

Degenerative disease such as multiple sclerosis

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7
Q

If WBC is in CSF what can it indicate

A

Infection

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8
Q

If blood is in CSF what can it indicate

A

Hemorrhage

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9
Q

What are the early stages of increased inter cranial pressure

A 
Change in LOC
Personality changes
Change in ability to think
Headache, nausea
Diplopia (double vision)
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10
Q

Later stages of IICP

A 
Pupillary changes
Changes in BP (widen pulse pressure)
Change in respiration
High uncontrolled temp
Seizures
Posturing
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11
Q

What is decorticate posturing

A 
Feet plantar flexed
Legs internally rotated
Wrist and fingers flexed 
Elbows flexed
Arms addicted
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12
Q

What is decerebrate posturing

A 
Feet plantar flexed
Wrists and fingers flexed 
Forearms pronated
Arms adducted
Elbows extended
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13
Q

Treatment of IICP

A

Surgery (craniotomy)
Medications osmotic diuretics to draw water from brain
Corticosteroids
Dilantin (anticonvulsant)

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14
Q

How should bed be positioned for IICP

A

Elevated HOB 30-45 degrees

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15
Q

What should be restricted in IICP

A

Fluid
Bearing down (valsava maneuver) which includes bearing down to push still
No gagging, coughing, or vomiting

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16
Q

Should we suction with IICP

A

No, only when completely needed

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17
Q

Why is a hypothermia blanket needed in IICP

A

Uncontrollable high temp that can’t be controlled with meds

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18
Q

What is proprioception

A

Ability to know the position of the body and it’s parts without directly looking at the part

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19
Q

What is agnosia

A

Total or partial loss of ability to recognize familiar objects or persons as a result of organic brain damage

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20
Q

Involuntary muscle contractions due to an abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain

A

Seizure

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21
Q

What is aura

A

Sensation that precedes migraine or seizure

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22
Q

Prolonged seizure and person does not regain consciousness

A

Status epilepticus

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23
Q

Nursing care for seizure

A

Seizure precaution

Protect person from aspiration or injury

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24
Q

What are seizure precautions

A

Padded side rails

O2 and suction at bedside

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25
Q

Degenerative neurological disease where demyelination occurs

A

Multiple sclerosis

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26
Q

What is affected in multiple sclerosis

A

Motor function

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27
Q

Signs and symptoms of MS

A

Slow developing paralysis, speech and vision disturbances. Slurred speech, Diplopia, clumsiness, bowel and bladder incontinence

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28
Q

Test for MS

A

MRI to show myelin sheath change

CSF look for protein

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29
Q

What worsens symptoms of MS

A

Heat

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30
Q

Progressive brain disease that causes bradykinesia, tremors, mask like facial features and shuffling

A

Parkinson’s disease

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31
Q

Treatment for Parkinson’s

A

Levodopa and or surgery

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32
Q

Degenerative disease that destroys brain cells and affects short term memory

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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33
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is also known as

A

Lou Gerhrigs disease

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34
Q

Signs and symptoms of ALS

A

Weakness in upper extremities, dysarthria (problems with speech) dysphagia muscle wasting and difficulty breathing

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35
Q

Frequent cause of CVA

A

Cerebral thrombosis

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36
Q

Other causes of CVA

A

Brain hemorrhage or embolus that occludes artery causing ischemia

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37
Q

What is a TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack - short sudden temporary oxygen deprivation to the brain

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38
Q

When someone has a TIA what does it usually mean

A

It is a warning sign for a more serious attack (stroke) and means an underlying pathological condition

39
Q

Signs and symptoms of CVA

A

Headache, numbness and tingling, inability to think clearly, visual problems, hemiparesis, hemiplegia, change in LOC, signs of IICP, aphasia

40
Q

Test for CVA

A

Lumbar puncture and CT or MRI of brain

41
Q

Hemiplegia, hemianopsia, aphasia, dysphasia, brain damage, pain, personality changes and dysphagia are all results of

A

CVA

42
Q

What is hemianopsia

A

Blindness of 1/2 of visual field

43
Q

Treatment of CVA

A

Physical therapy
ROM and supporting affected limbs
Yes and no answers to reduce frustration
Safety needs

44
Q

Excruciating pain along the 5th cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal neuralgia or tic douloureus

45
Q

Treatment for Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Tegretol, surgery, neurontin

46
Q

What triggers pain in Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

Slight touch, breeze, food, temperature change

47
Q

What is Bell’s palsy

A

Partial facial paralysis (unilateral) that affects 7th cranial nerve

48
Q

Is Bell’s palsy permanant?

A

Yes it goes away

49
Q

Treatment for Bell’s palsy

A

Steroids, heat, eye drops and patch.

50
Q

What eye is affected in Bell’s palsy

A

The eye on the affected side stays open

51
Q

What is Guillain-Barré syndrome

A

Widespread inflammation and demyelination of peripheal nervous system

52
Q

What causes Guillain barre?

A

Virus or autoimmune

53
Q

What happens in Guillain barre

A

Paralysis moves from lower extremities to upper

54
Q

What is the main concern with Guillain barre

A

Safety and respiratory if it travels up

55
Q

Treatment for Guillain barre

A

Steroids, anti virals, g-tube

Trach & vent if respiration is affected

56
Q

Inflammation of the meninges that can be caused by bacteria or a virus

A

Meningitis

57
Q

Who is more susceptible to meningitis

A

Children

58
Q

How is meningitis spread

A

Direct contact with respiratory secretions

59
Q

Signs and symptoms of meningitis

A 
Increase ICP
Severe headache 
Nuchal rigidity
Fever chills 
Seizures
Positive kernigs and brudzinski signs
60
Q

What is a positive kernigs sign

A

Inability to extend the leg towards the ceiling from the supine position with hips and knees flexed

61
Q

What is a positive brudzinski sign

A

Flexing hip and knees when bringing head forward towards chest

62
Q

What is diagnostic test for meningitis

A

Lumbar puncture - spinal tap

63
Q

What kind of isolation is required for meningitis

A

Respiratory isolation - airborne

64
Q

Signs and symptoms of intracranial tumor

A

Personality changes, abnormal sensations, visual problems, head ache, hearing loss, motor problems

65
Q

Treatment for brain tumor

A

Craniotomy

Radiation and chemo if malignant

66
Q

Important nursing intervention for craniotomy

A

Baseline neuro assessment pre operatively

67
Q

Nursing intervention post op craniotomy

A

Vital signs
Neuro status
Respiratory function
Leakage of CSF out of nose and Ear

68
Q

Types of head injuries (cranial-cerebral trauma)

A

Open
Closed
Laceration

69
Q

Example of an open head injury

A

Skull fracture or penetrating wound

70
Q

Example of closed head injury

A

Concussion

71
Q

Types of brain hemmorhage

A

Epidural hematoma

Subdural hematoma

72
Q

What do we do for a person with head injury

A

Wake up every 2 hours, no pain meds

73
Q

Why do we not medicate for pain with head injury

A

It will mask symptoms of possible worsening condition

74
Q

Signs and symptoms of worsening head injury/increase intracranial pressure

A

Nausea and vomiting
Loss of consciousness
Decrease level of consciousness
Pupil and VS change

75
Q

If CSF is noted coming out of ears and nose what do we NOT do

A

Do not cough, sneeze or blow nose

77
Q

If the spinal cord has a cervical injury what is our primary concern

A

Respiration

78
Q

What are the 3 categories in the Glasgow Coma Scale

A

Eye opening
Verbal Response
Motor Response

79
Q

To have weak, soft and to be lacking muscle tone is what kind of motor function

A

Flaccid function

80
Q

Best way to prevent a migraine is to

A

Find out triggers

81
Q

How is pulse pressure defines

A

SBP - DBP

82
Q

High uncontrolled temperatures, Posturing changes (Decorticate, Decerebrate), Respiratory depression, and abnormal response to pain are signs of

A

Increased ICP

83
Q

Flexion is what posturing

A

Decorticate

84
Q

Extension is what posturing

A

Decerebrate

85
Q

Blindness in 1/2 of the visual field is called

A

Hemianopsia

86
Q

What is destroyed in Multiple sclerosis

A

Myelin sheath

87
Q

What must the patient diagnosed with Multiple sclerosis avoid that may make symptoms worse

A

Heat

88
Q

Bradykinesia, and tremors are signs of

A

Parkinsons

89
Q

Another word for very slow movements

A

Bradykinesia

90
Q

Problems articulating and forming words because of inability to control muscles is called ________ and is a symptom of ________

A

dysarthria

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s)

91
Q

What is the main cause of death for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s)

A

Decreased respiratory and cardiac function

92
Q

What is the surgery called for CVA

A

endarterectomy

93
Q

For trigeminal Neuralgia what must we try our best to avoid

A

Care that involves touching the face

94
Q

Unilateral paralysis occurs in

A

Bells palsy

95
Q

What is the most common S&S of Meningitis

A

Nuchal rigidity

Pelicano 3rd Semester (6 decks)

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