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Pelicano 3rd Semester > Module 4 Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Module 4 Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 P’s for neurovascular assessments

A 
Pulse 
Paresthesia 
Pallor 
Puffyness 
Pain 
Polar temperature 
Paralysis
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2
Q

Before a Myelogram is done what should we do

A

Check for allergy to iodine or shellfish

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3
Q

What are the 3 postural deformities

A

Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis

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4
Q

Chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane and joints

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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5
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a ______ disease

A

Autoimmune

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6
Q

3 nursing interventions for patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Maintain function (keep them moving)
Decrease inflammation
Hot packs

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7
Q

What are 3 things patients can do to help there Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Rest
Hot packs
Hot shower in AM

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8
Q

Degenerative joint disease that comes from stress on weight bearing bones, wear and tear

A

Osteoarthritis

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9
Q

distal joints of fingers affected in Osteoarthritis are called

A

Heberden’s Nodes

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10
Q

Proximal joints of fingers hard and bony enlargements affected in Osteoarthritis

A

Bouchard’s Nodes

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11
Q

What are 3 nursing interventions for Osteoarthritis

A

Heat
Exercise and Rest
ASA, NSAIDS, steroids

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12
Q

What are 3 things a patient can do to help there Osteoarthritis

A

Maintain ADLs
Lose weight
Check stools for bleeding

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13
Q

Chronic, progressive disorder of sacroiliac and hip joints, synovial joints of spine, and adjacent soft tissue

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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14
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis is more common in

A

young men

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15
Q

Where bones grow together, can see enlarged heart, kyphosis

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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16
Q

2 most important things to do for patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis are

A

Keep posture

Pain free

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17
Q

What is something a patient can do to help with Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Lye on abdomen for 15-30 min QID to extend spine

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18
Q

Metabolic disease where patient is unable to metabolize purines, and so uric acid builds up in blood

A

Gout

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19
Q

_____ can cause crystal deposits in joints that cause inflammation

A

Gout

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20
Q

Involves big toe, knee, ankle

A

Gout

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21
Q

When do Gout onsets usually occur

A

at night

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22
Q

Foods with purine include

A

Beer, red meat, seafood (Richmans diet)

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23
Q

What are 2 most commonly used meds for Gout

A

Colchicine - acute

Allopurinol - decreases uric acid production

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24
Q

What are 3 nursing interventions for patient with Gout

A

Keep sheets of affected area
alternating warm and cold compresses
Elevate joint

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25
Disease where bone mass decreases, commonly related to menopause
Osteoporosis
26
What are 3 contributing factors to Osteoporosis
Mobility decreased Steroids Caffeine
27
In Osteoporosis bones become brittle due to decreased
Calcium
28
What postural deformity occurs with Osteoporosis
Kyphosis
29
Calcium along with ______ can be given to help with Osteoporosis
Estrogen
30
For patients with Osteoporosis what should they avoid
Caffeine
31
Serious bone infection that results from compound fracture that exposes bone to infection
Osteomyelitis
32
inflammation, ischemia, and necrosis are signs of what bone infection
Osteomyelitis
33
Tx for Osteomyelitis includes (3)
IV Abx. Drains increased protein, carbs, Ca, and fluids
34
If antibiotics are ineffective and abscess forms we call this
Chronic Osteomyelitis
35
Back, shoulder, and neck pain are signs of
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
36
What 4 things may lead to a herniated disk
Age Smoking Osteoporosis Heavy lifting
37
How do we position a patient pst Arthroplasty
on unoperative side
38
Repair or replacement of a joint is called a
Arthroplasty
39
How should we wrap severed limb post traumatic amputation
Cold moist cloth
40
How do we prevent hip contractures post amputation of leg
Prothesis
41
Pain post amputation is called
Phantom Limb pain
42
Injury to ligaments surrounding joints causing them to stretch and tear
Sprain
43
A closed fracture is defined as
Simple fracture closed skin
44
An open fracture is defined as
Compound fracture, bone piercing skin
45
Grating sound if limb is moved
Crepitus
46
Side with fracture is usually _______ then other side
shorter
47
If its an open fracture what is priority
Surgical debridement
48
Results from inadequate or obstructed blood flow to nerves muscles and tissues
Compartment Syndrome
49
What can cause a Compartment Syndrome
Tight cast or dressing
50
3 things we can do to help Compartment Syndrome
Remove constricting cast or dressing Elevate area Fasciotomy
51
Results from blood loss from fractures bone or severed blood vessels
Shock
52
Most common type of embolism post fracture
Fat Embolism
53
3 signs of shooting embolism
Mental status changes Dyspnea Chest pain
54
Fracture that fails to heal within usual healing time is called
Delayed union
55
Failure of ends of the fractured bone to unite, not healed after 6-9 months.
Nonunion
56
External fixation devices are used when
bone is damaged/crushed.
57
With any kind of external fixation device what must we do that is very important
pin care
58
If there is any kind of drainage or blood flow to cast what must we do
Circle, date and time
59
What must we instruct patient to do that is going home on a cast (2)
Do not use fingertips as they can make an indentation, USE PALMS of hands Keep extremity elevated
60
For the pelvis for hip and thigh fractures to keep legs from moving
Spica Cast
61
For a patient with a splint what must we do
Perform NV checks hourly, until swelling concerns have passed, then check every 2-4 hrs
62
What can we use for a patient's fracture to prevent any further injuries, deformities, relieve pressure on nerves
Traction
63
During cast removal what can patient experience
Resp Distress
64
To keep patient aligned (type of traction)
Bucks traction
65
For a patient with Rheumatoid arthritis what is something we can do for them in the morning
hot shower
66
What kind of disease is Rheumatoid arthritis.
Systemic disease with inflammation
67
What community does Rheumatoid arthritis occur in the most
young women
68
What may doctor prescribe for a patient with Rheumatoid arthritis
Remission with anti-inflammatories
69
Occurs from wear and tear of bone
Osteoarthritis
70
What are the two tests we can do for Osteoarthritis
ESR | Sedimentation Rate
71
Where bones in spine and hip fuse
Ankylosing Spondylitis
72
What should we instruct patient to do what has Ankylosing Spondylitis (3)
Lie prone Firm Bed Stay aligned
73
Foods that have purine include (5)
``` Red meat Organ meat Beer Dark Chocolate Anchovies ```
74
What can patient develop that has gout
Crystals in disant joints
75
What is the main drug used to treat gout
Allopurinol
76
Osteoporosis usually affects what community
Menopausal women
77
What can we instruct patient to do with Osteoporosis as far as diet (4)
``` Increase Calcium Dairy Salmon Green leafy vegetables ```
78
What are 3 exercises patient can do that will help their body absorb more calcium for Osteoporosis
Bicycling Swimming Walking
79
What is the main tx. for Osteomyelitis, and how long does it usually last
Abx. for up to 2 months
80
Main signs of a herniated disk are
Back, shoulder, neck pain with numbness and tingling
81
What are 3 best methods to help with herniated disks
Bed rest Traction Pain meds
82
Before performing a Continuous passive motion what should we do
Premedicate
83
Post Arthroplasty what is something we must give patient
Abduction pillow
84
After stump heals what shape should we get it in
Cone shaped
85
Post amputation what should patient always use whenever out of bed, and what other patient teaching should we tell them
Prostheses and lay prone 2 or more times a day
86
How do we achieve cone shape post amputation
Compression dressing
87
Injury to ligaments
Sprain
88
What should we do for a patient who has experienced a sprain (2)
Do RICE | X-ray to rule out fracture
89
When on crutched what is one mistake people always make
They put pressure on armpits rather than hand grips
90
Which side should a cane be used
Unaffected side
91
What traction method should we use post Hip fracture
Bucks tractions
92
After hip surgery what is patient prone to and what should you do to prevent that from happening (2)
DVT - give anticoagulants | Fat embolism - know signs
93
How do we properly care for external fixation pins inserted into patients leg
Follow agency protocol for pin care
94
What is the most appropriate instruction to tell patient to preserve function of left knee post replacement
Maintain ideal body weight
95
Should legs be Abd or Add ducted post surgery
Abducted
96
What is usually the first symptom a patient might tell you he had for his rheumatoid arthritis
Stiff sore joints

Pelicano 3rd Semester (6 decks)

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