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Pelicano 3rd Semester > Module 4 Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Module 4 Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 P’s for neurovascular assessments

A 
Pulse 
Paresthesia 
Pallor 
Puffyness 
Pain 
Polar temperature 
Paralysis
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2
Q

Before a Myelogram is done what should we do

A

Check for allergy to iodine or shellfish

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3
Q

What are the 3 postural deformities

A

Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis

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4
Q

Chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane and joints

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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5
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a ______ disease

A

Autoimmune

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6
Q

3 nursing interventions for patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Maintain function (keep them moving)
Decrease inflammation
Hot packs

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7
Q

What are 3 things patients can do to help there Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Rest
Hot packs
Hot shower in AM

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8
Q

Degenerative joint disease that comes from stress on weight bearing bones, wear and tear

A

Osteoarthritis

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9
Q

distal joints of fingers affected in Osteoarthritis are called

A

Heberden’s Nodes

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10
Q

Proximal joints of fingers hard and bony enlargements affected in Osteoarthritis

A

Bouchard’s Nodes

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11
Q

What are 3 nursing interventions for Osteoarthritis

A

Heat
Exercise and Rest
ASA, NSAIDS, steroids

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12
Q

What are 3 things a patient can do to help there Osteoarthritis

A

Maintain ADLs
Lose weight
Check stools for bleeding

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13
Q

Chronic, progressive disorder of sacroiliac and hip joints, synovial joints of spine, and adjacent soft tissue

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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14
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis is more common in

A

young men

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15
Q

Where bones grow together, can see enlarged heart, kyphosis

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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16
Q

2 most important things to do for patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis are

A

Keep posture

Pain free

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17
Q

What is something a patient can do to help with Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Lye on abdomen for 15-30 min QID to extend spine

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18
Q

Metabolic disease where patient is unable to metabolize purines, and so uric acid builds up in blood

A

Gout

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19
Q

_____ can cause crystal deposits in joints that cause inflammation

A

Gout

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20
Q

Involves big toe, knee, ankle

A

Gout

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21
Q

When do Gout onsets usually occur

A

at night

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22
Q

Foods with purine include

A

Beer, red meat, seafood (Richmans diet)

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23
Q

What are 2 most commonly used meds for Gout

A

Colchicine - acute

Allopurinol - decreases uric acid production

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24
Q

What are 3 nursing interventions for patient with Gout

A

Keep sheets of affected area
alternating warm and cold compresses
Elevate joint

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25
Q

Disease where bone mass decreases, commonly related to menopause

A

Osteoporosis

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26
Q

What are 3 contributing factors to Osteoporosis

A

Mobility decreased
Steroids
Caffeine

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27
Q

In Osteoporosis bones become brittle due to decreased

A

Calcium

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28
Q

What postural deformity occurs with Osteoporosis

A

Kyphosis

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29
Q

Calcium along with ______ can be given to help with Osteoporosis

A

Estrogen

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30
Q

For patients with Osteoporosis what should they avoid

A

Caffeine

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31
Q

Serious bone infection that results from compound fracture that exposes bone to infection

A

Osteomyelitis

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32
Q

inflammation, ischemia, and necrosis are signs of what bone infection

A

Osteomyelitis

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33
Q

Tx for Osteomyelitis includes (3)

A

IV Abx.
Drains
increased protein, carbs, Ca, and fluids

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34
Q

If antibiotics are ineffective and abscess forms we call this

A

Chronic Osteomyelitis

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35
Q

Back, shoulder, and neck pain are signs of

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

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36
Q

What 4 things may lead to a herniated disk

A

Age
Smoking
Osteoporosis
Heavy lifting

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37
Q

How do we position a patient pst Arthroplasty

A

on unoperative side

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38
Q

Repair or replacement of a joint is called a

A

Arthroplasty

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39
Q

How should we wrap severed limb post traumatic amputation

A

Cold moist cloth

40
Q

How do we prevent hip contractures post amputation of leg

A

Prothesis

41
Q

Pain post amputation is called

A

Phantom Limb pain

42
Q

Injury to ligaments surrounding joints causing them to stretch and tear

A

Sprain

43
Q

A closed fracture is defined as

A

Simple fracture closed skin

44
Q

An open fracture is defined as

A

Compound fracture, bone piercing skin

45
Q

Grating sound if limb is moved

A

Crepitus

46
Q

Side with fracture is usually _______ then other side

A

shorter

47
Q

If its an open fracture what is priority

A

Surgical debridement

48
Q

Results from inadequate or obstructed blood flow to nerves muscles and tissues

A

Compartment Syndrome

49
Q

What can cause a Compartment Syndrome

A

Tight cast or dressing

50
Q

3 things we can do to help Compartment Syndrome

A

Remove constricting cast or dressing
Elevate area
Fasciotomy

51
Q

Results from blood loss from fractures bone or severed blood vessels

A

Shock

52
Q

Most common type of embolism post fracture

A

Fat Embolism

53
Q

3 signs of shooting embolism

A

Mental status changes
Dyspnea
Chest pain

54
Q

Fracture that fails to heal within usual healing time is called

A

Delayed union

55
Q

Failure of ends of the fractured bone to unite, not healed after 6-9 months.

A

Nonunion

56
Q

External fixation devices are used when

A

bone is damaged/crushed.

57
Q

With any kind of external fixation device what must we do that is very important

A

pin care

58
Q

If there is any kind of drainage or blood flow to cast what must we do

A

Circle, date and time

59
Q

What must we instruct patient to do that is going home on a cast (2)

A

Do not use fingertips as they can make an indentation, USE PALMS of hands
Keep extremity elevated

60
Q

For the pelvis for hip and thigh fractures to keep legs from moving

A

Spica Cast

61
Q

For a patient with a splint what must we do

A

Perform NV checks hourly, until swelling concerns have passed, then check every 2-4 hrs

62
Q

What can we use for a patient’s fracture to prevent any further injuries, deformities, relieve pressure on nerves

A

Traction

63
Q

During cast removal what can patient experience

A

Resp Distress

64
Q

To keep patient aligned (type of traction)

A

Bucks traction

65
Q

For a patient with Rheumatoid arthritis what is something we can do for them in the morning

A

hot shower

66
Q

What kind of disease is Rheumatoid arthritis.

A

Systemic disease with inflammation

67
Q

What community does Rheumatoid arthritis occur in the most

A

young women

68
Q

What may doctor prescribe for a patient with Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Remission with anti-inflammatories

69
Q

Occurs from wear and tear of bone

A

Osteoarthritis

70
Q

What are the two tests we can do for Osteoarthritis

A

ESR

Sedimentation Rate

71
Q

Where bones in spine and hip fuse

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

72
Q

What should we instruct patient to do what has Ankylosing Spondylitis (3)

A

Lie prone
Firm Bed
Stay aligned

73
Q

Foods that have purine include (5)

A 
Red meat 
Organ meat 
Beer 
Dark Chocolate 
Anchovies
74
Q

What can patient develop that has gout

A

Crystals in disant joints

75
Q

What is the main drug used to treat gout

A

Allopurinol

76
Q

Osteoporosis usually affects what community

A

Menopausal women

77
Q

What can we instruct patient to do with Osteoporosis as far as diet (4)

A 
Increase 
Calcium 
Dairy 
Salmon 
Green leafy vegetables
78
Q

What are 3 exercises patient can do that will help their body absorb more calcium for Osteoporosis

A

Bicycling
Swimming
Walking

79
Q

What is the main tx. for Osteomyelitis, and how long does it usually last

A

Abx. for up to 2 months

80
Q

Main signs of a herniated disk are

A

Back, shoulder, neck pain with numbness and tingling

81
Q

What are 3 best methods to help with herniated disks

A

Bed rest
Traction
Pain meds

82
Q

Before performing a Continuous passive motion what should we do

A

Premedicate

83
Q

Post Arthroplasty what is something we must give patient

A

Abduction pillow

84
Q

After stump heals what shape should we get it in

A

Cone shaped

85
Q

Post amputation what should patient always use whenever out of bed, and what other patient teaching should we tell them

A

Prostheses and lay prone 2 or more times a day

86
Q

How do we achieve cone shape post amputation

A

Compression dressing

87
Q

Injury to ligaments

A

Sprain

88
Q

What should we do for a patient who has experienced a sprain (2)

A

Do RICE

X-ray to rule out fracture

89
Q

When on crutched what is one mistake people always make

A

They put pressure on armpits rather than hand grips

90
Q

Which side should a cane be used

A

Unaffected side

91
Q

What traction method should we use post Hip fracture

A

Bucks tractions

92
Q

After hip surgery what is patient prone to and what should you do to prevent that from happening (2)

A

DVT - give anticoagulants

Fat embolism - know signs

93
Q

How do we properly care for external fixation pins inserted into patients leg

A

Follow agency protocol for pin care

94
Q

What is the most appropriate instruction to tell patient to preserve function of left knee post replacement

A

Maintain ideal body weight

95
Q

Should legs be Abd or Add ducted post surgery

A

Abducted

96
Q

What is usually the first symptom a patient might tell you he had for his rheumatoid arthritis

A

Stiff sore joints

Pelicano 3rd Semester (6 decks)

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