Problem Solving Methodology & Tools Flashcards
____ is a critical skill in both personal and professional settings.
problem-solving
____ involves structures approaches and methodologies.
effective problem-solving
___ enhance the ability to find and implement solutions efficiently.
tools and techniques
____ is a step-by-step approach to identifying and resolving issues. Ensures consistency, efficiency, and effectiveness.
problem solving methodology
4 common methodologies
- PDCA cycle
- DMAIC
- 8D problem solving
- root cause analysis
____, also known as the Deming cycle or Shewhart cycle, is a four-step iterative process for continuous improvement, involving Plan, Do, Check, and Act.
PDCA cycle
____ Identify an opportunity for improvement, define the problem, set goals, and plan the actions to address it.
plan
____ Implement the planned actions on a small scale to test the change.
do
___ Review the test, analyze the results, and identify what you’ve learned.
check
____Take action based on what you learned in the study step, implement the changes and repeat the cycle to continue improving.
act
DMAIC stands for ___, ____, ____, ___, and ____.
design, measure, analyze, improve, and control
____ is a data-driven process improvement methodology used in Lean Six Sigma to optimize existing processes and achieve sustainable results.
DMAIC
____ This phase involves clearly identifying the problem or opportunity for improvement, defining the project goals, and understanding customer requirements.
define
___ This phase focuses on collecting data to establish a baseline of the current process performance and identify key metrics to track.
measure
___ The data collected is analyzed to identify the root causes of the problem or process variations.
analyze
____ Based on the analysis, potential solutions are developed and tested, and the most effective solutions are implemented.
improve
___ Once the improvements are implemented, a plan is put in place to ensure that the gains are sustained over time, including monitoring and controlling the process.
control
The ____ is a problem-solving approach typically employed by quality engineers or other professionals, and is most commonly used by the automative industry but has also been successfully applied in constructions.
8 disciplies (8D) model
What is the 8D problem solving model?
D0 plan
D1 create a team
D2 define and describe the problem
D3 contain the problem
D4 identify, describe, and verify root causes
D5 choose corrective actions
D6 implement and validate corrective actions
D7 take preventive measures
D8 congratulate your team
____ Plan for solving the problem and determine the prerequisites.
D0: plan
____ Select and establish a team of people with product/process knowledge.
D1: use a team
____ Specify the problem by identifying in quantifiable terms the who, what, where, when, why, how, and how many (5W2H) for the problem.
D2: define and descrive the problem
____ Define and implement containment actions to isolate the problem from any customer.
D3: develop interim containment plan; implement and verify interim actions
____ Identify all applicable causes that could explain why the problem occured.
D4: determine, identify, and verify root causes and escape points
____ Through preproduction programs, quantitatively confirm that the selected correction will resolve the problem for the customer.
D5: choose and verify permanent corrections (PCs) for problem/nonconformity
___ Define and implement the best corrective actions (CA).
D6: implement and validate corrective actions
____ Modify the management systems, operation systems, practices, and procedures to prevent recurrence of this and all similar problems.
D7: take preventive measures
____ Recognize the collective efforts of the team. The team needs to be formally thanked by the organization.
D8: congratulate your team
_____ is the process of discovering the root causes of problems in order to identify appropriate solutions.
root cause analysis (RCA)
____ assumes that it is much more effective to systematically prevent and solve for underlying issues rather than just treating ad hoc symptoms and putting out fires.
root cause analysis (RCA)
What are the 6 steps in problem solving?
- identify the problem
- analyze the problem
- generate possible solutions
- select the best solution
- implement the solution
- evaluate and review
___ Define the issue clearly.
identify the problem
___Gather data and understand root causes.
analyze the problem
___ Brainstorm and evaluate options.
generate possible solutions
____ Choose the most feasible and effective solution.
select the best solution
____ Execute the plan and monitor progress.
implement the solution
____ Assess results and refine the approach.
evaluate and review
3 categories of problem-solving tools & techniques
- analytical tools
- decision-making tools
- creative thinking tools
What are the 4 analytical tools?
- root cause analysis (RCA)
- 5 Whys
- fishbone diagram (ishikawa)
- pareto analysis (80/20 rule)
____ Identifying the underlying cause of a problem.
root cause analysis (RCA)
____ Repeatedly asking ‘why’ to dig deeper into an issue.
5 whys
____ Identifying the most significant factors in a problem.
pareto analysis (80/20 rule)
____ Visualizing cause-and-effect relationships.
fishbone diagram (ishikawa)
____ Evaluating strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
SWOT analysis
What are the 4 decision-making tools?
- SWOT analysis
- decision matrix
- cost-benefit analysis
- force field analysis
____ Comparing options based on weighted criteria.
decision matrix
___ Examining forces that drive or hinder change.
force field analysis
___ Assessing the financial and practical implications of solutions.
cost-benefit analysis
____ is a tool that helps you visualize and evaluate the forces that affect a situation or a change.
force field analysis
What are the 4 creative thinking tools?
- brainstorming
- mind mapping
- scamper technique
- six thinking hats
____ generating a wide range of ideas collaboratively.
brainstorming
____ Visualizing ideas and their connections.
mind mapping
____ Enhancing ideas by substituting, combining, adapting, etc.
scamper technique
____Using different perspectives for well-rounded decision-making.
six thinking hats
SCAMPER technique stands for:
substitute
combine
adapt
modify
purpose
eliminate
reverse
____ Replace one part with another that works better.
substitute
____Update the product to new preferences.
adapt
___Put different components together to improve.
combine
____ Change the appearance and presentation.
modify
____ Use the product for a purpose that wasn’t intended.
purpose
____ Eliminate the useless parts that are not valued.
eliminate
The facts
white-logic
____ De-construct or re-think some of the main pillars.
reverse
The value and the benefits
yellow-optimism
What are the 6 thinking hats?
white-logic
yellow-optimism
black-devil’s advocate
red-emotion
green-creativity
blue-management
The difficulties and dangers
black-devil’s advocate
Feelings and intuitions
red-emotion
Possibilities and new ideas
green-creativity
Ensuring the rules of the hats are observed
blue-management
