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cets 4 > Layout Strategy, Material & Inventory Management > Flashcards

Layout Strategy, Material & Inventory Management Flashcards

1
Q

_____ focuses on designing the physical arrangement of facilities, equipment, and workstations to maximize efficiency, minimize waste, and ensure smooth workflow.

A

layout strategy

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2
Q

5 types of layouts

A
  1. process layout
  2. product layout
  3. fixed-position layout
  4. hybrid layout
  5. cellular layout
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2
Q

____ Arranging equipment in sequence in sequence for mass production (e.g., assembly lines).

A

product layout

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2
Q

____ Grouping similar processes together (e.g., hospitals, job shops).

A

process layout

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2
Q

____ Keeping the product stationary while resources move to it (e.g., ship building).

A

fixed-position layout

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3
Q

____ Combination of multiple layout for flexibility.

A

hybrid layout

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4
Q

____ Organizing workstations based on product families to improve efficiency.

A

cellular layout

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5
Q

4 layout strategy in construction

A
  1. process layout
  2. product layout
  3. fixed-position layout
  4. hybrid layout
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6
Q

_____ Site is divided into zones (e.g., materials storage, worker break areas, machinery stations).

A

process layout

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7
Q

___ For prefabricated construction, materials are placed in sequence (e.g., beams, panels, and finishing materials).

A

product layout

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7
Q

____ In skyscraper construction, the building remains in place while equipment and workers move around it.

A

fixed-position layout

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8
Q

____ A mix of prefabrication (off-site) and on-site assembly for modular buildings.

A

hybrid layout

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8
Q

4 factors affecting layout design

A
  1. space utilization
  2. workflow optimization
  3. material handling
  4. safety and ergonomics
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9
Q

4 objective of an effective layout

A
  • improve production efficiency
  • reduce material handling and transportation costs
  • optimize resource utilization
  • enhance worker productivity and comfort
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10
Q

_____ Maximizing available space while maintaining efficiency.

A

space utilization

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11
Q

____ Reducing unnecessary movements and bottlenecks.

A

workflow optimization

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12
Q

____ Ensuring a safe work environment to reduce injuries.

A

safety and ergonomics

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13
Q

____ Minimizing transportation costs and improving accessibility.

A

material handling

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14
Q

What are the 2 technology integration in layout design?

A
  1. automation
  2. simulation
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15
Q

___ in layout design (AI-driven layouts, robotic workstations).

A

automation

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16
Q

____ tools to optimize facility design before implementation.

A

simulation

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17
Q

2 impact on cost and productivity

A
  1. reduces waste, labor costs, and material handling expenses
  2. leads to faster production cycles and increased output
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18
Q

____ refers to the development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

A

artificial intelligence (AI)

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18
Q

____ ensures the right materials are available at the right time, place, and cost to support production needs.

A

material management

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18
Q

What are the 3 objectives of material management?

A
  • minimize waste and storage costs
  • improve supply chain efficiency
  • ensure uninterrupted production
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19
Q

_____ Reduces inventory holding costs by ordering materials only when needed.

A

just-in-time (JIT)

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20
Q

What are the 3 procurement strategies?

A
  1. just-in-time (JIT)
  2. vendor-managed inventory (VMI)
  3. bulk purchasing
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21
Q

____ Supplier manage stock levels for manufacturers.

A

vendor-managed inventory (VMI)

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22
Q

____ Reduces costs but requires proper storage management.

A

bulk purchasing

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23
Q

What are 3 storage & handling?

A
  1. FIFO (first-in-first-out) & LIFO (last-in-first-out)
  2. warehouse management systems (WMS)
  3. automated retrieval systems
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23
Q

Storage & handling for material rotations when needed.

A

FIFO and LIFO

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24
Q

Storage & handling for optimized storage.

A

warehouse management systems (WMS)

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24
Q

2 steps in supplier management

A
  1. evaluating supplier performance based on cost, quality, and reliability
  2. building strong supplier relationships for better pricing and priority service.
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25
Q

2 technology in material management

A
  • RFID and barcode systems for real-time inventory tracking
  • AI-driven demand forecasting to prevent stockouts
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25
Q

Storage & handling to improve efficiency

A

automated retrieval systems

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26
Q

2 cost control & waste reduction

A
  • implementing lean manufacturing principles
  • sustainable sourcing to reduce environmental impact
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26
Q

5 material management in construction

A
  1. just-in-time (JIT)
  2. vendor-managed inventory (VMI)
  3. bulk purchasing
  4. materials handling
  5. RFID tracking
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26
Q

_____ Concrete is delivered in small, scheduled batches to prevent hardening before use.

A

just-in-time (JIT)

27
Q

____ The supplier monitors stock levels of cement and aggregates, replenishing them automatically.

A

vendor-managed inventory (VMI)

28
Q

___ Large orders of steel bars and cement to get discounts, but requiring careful storage.

A

bulk purchasing

29
Q

____Using cranes and conveyor belts to transport heavy materials efficiently.

A

material handling

30
Q

____ Each batch of concrete is tagged for quality control and traceability.

A

RFID tracking

31
Q

____ involves tracking, controlling, and optimizing, stock levels to meet demand without excess waste.

A

inventory management

32
Q

5 types of inventory

A
  1. raw materials
  2. work-in-progress (WIP)
  3. finished goods
  4. MRO (maintenance, repair, and operations)
  5. safety stock (buffer inventory)
33
Q

____ Basic materials used in construction. example: cement, steel bars, sand, gravel, bricks

A

raw materials

34
Q

_____ These materials are procured in bulk and stored until needed for site work.

A

raw materials

34
Q

____ Partially completed components. example: pre-cast concrete slabs, fabricated steel beams, ductwork, wooden panels.

A

work-in-progress (WIP)

35
Q

____ are semi-finished products that are not yet part of the final structure

A

work-in-progress (WIP)

35
Q

_____ Completed items ready for installation. example: Pre-assembled doors, windows, prefabricated wall panels, HVAC units

A

finished goods

36
Q

_____ components are fully completed and stored until installation

A

finished goods

37
Q

___ Supporting supplies. example: Safety gear, tools, lubricants, spare parts, welding rods

A

MRO (maintenance, repair, and operations)

38
Q

_____ items don’t go directly into the building, but are essential for construction activities.

A

MRO (maintenance, repair, and operations)

39
Q

_____ Buffer inventory. Extra stock kept for emergencies. example: Extra steel bars, backup cement bags, additional tiles for replacement

A

safety stock

40
Q

_____ Stored as a precaution in case of unexpected demand or delivery delays

A

safety stock

41
Q

3 inventory control techniques

A
  1. economic order quantity (EOQ)
  2. ABC analysis
  3. just-in-time (JIT)
42
Q

____ Determines the optimal order quantity to minimize total costs.

A

economic order quantity (EOQ)

43
Q

_____ Categorizes inventory based on importance (A = high-value, B = medium, C = low-value).

A

ABC analysis

44
Q

_____ Reduces storage costs by keeping minimal stock.

A

just-in-time (JIT)

45
Q

____ Using AI and big data analytics to predict demand fluctuations. Seasonal and trend-based forecasting to manage inventory levels.

A

demand forecasting

46
Q

_____ Measures how efficiently inventory is used by calculating sales vs. stock levels.

A

inventory turnover ratio

46
Q

____ Integrates inventory with other business processes.

A

enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

47
Q

3 software & automation in inventory management

A
  1. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems
  2. cloud-based inventory system
  3. IoT (internet of things)
47
Q

____ Real-time stock visibility across multiple locations.

A

cloud-based inventory systems

48
Q

_____ Smart sensors for real-time inventory tracking.

A

IoT (internet of things)

49
Q

6 inventory management in construction

A
  1. raw materials
  2. work-in-progress (WIP)
  3. finished goods
  4. safety stock
  5. inventory turnover ratio
  6. software integration
50
Q

_____ Steel beams, cement, bricks, and sand are ordered based on demand forecasts

A

raw materials

51
Q

____ Pre-cut steel beams stored near the assembly area for quick access.

A

work-in-progress (WIP)

52
Q

____ Prefabricated sections ready for final installation.

A

finished goods

52
Q

_____ ensure consistency and efficiency in job performance, while manpower planning focuses on forecasting workforce needs to optimize productivity.

A

work standards

53
Q

____ Tracking how quickly materials are used to prevent excess stock or shortages.

A

inventory turnover ratio

54
Q

_____ Cloud-based inventory systems help managers track stock levels across multiple project sites.

A

software integration

54
Q

_____ Extra steel beams kept on-site to prevent delays due to unexpected demand.

A

safety stock

55
Q

3 work standardization

A
  1. establishing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
  2. defining best practices for quality and efficiency
  3. reducing variablity in performance
56
Q

A ____ isa detailed, written set of instructions that outlines how to perform a specific task or process consistently and effectively, ensuring uniformity and quality.

A

standard operating procedure (SOP)

57
Q

2 time & motion study

A
  1. observing tasks to identify inefficiencies
  2. improving workflows by eliminating redundant steps
58
Q

2 manpower planning

A
  1. workforce forecasting
  2. skill gap analysis
59
Q

____ Estimating future labor needs based on production goals.

A

workforce forecasting

60
Q

____ Identifying training needs for workforce development.

A

skill gap analysis

61
Q

2 automation & workforce balance

A
  1. identifying roles suitable for automation
  2. retraining workers for higher-value tasks instead of repetitive manual labor
62
Q

2 ergonomics & job satisfaction

A
  1. designing jobs to reduce physical strain and improve comfort
  2. ensuring a balanced workload to prevent burnout
63
Q

2 performance metrics & monitoring

A
  1. key performance indicators (KPIs)
  2. continuous improvement programs
64
Q

____ for productivity, efficiency, and quality control.

A

key performance indicators (KPIs)

65
Q

_____ Lean Six Sigma for performance optimization.

A

continuous improvement programs

66
Q

____ Focuses on efficiency through the minimization of waste errors and delays.

67
Q

____ Focuses on quality and consistency, through process improvement and variation reduction.

68
Q

____ Delivers Customer Value through efficient operations and quality standards.

A

lean six sigma

69
Q

2 designing work standards & manpower planning in construction

A
  1. work standardization
  2. time & motion study
70
Q

_____ Using standard operating procedures (SOPs) for excavation, framing, and electrical work to ensure consistent quality.

A

work standardization

71
Q

_____ Analyzing how long it takes workers to lay bricks per square meter and optimizing workflow.

A

time & motion study

72
Q

4 manpower planning

A
  • forecasting the number of workers needed for each phase (foundation, structural work, finishing)
  • ensuring a balance between skill labor (electricians, plumbers) and general laborers
  • tracking productivity through daily logs
  • using key performance indicators (KPIs) like completed square footage per day
73
Q

Using automatic brick-laying machines to speed up work while retaining manual workers for finishing tasks

A

automation vs. workforce

74
Q

2 performance monitoring

A
  1. tracking productivity through daily logs
  2. using key performance indicators (KPIs) like completed square footage per day
74
Q

Providing proper lifting equipment and safety gear to reduce injuries.

A

ergonomics & safety

cets 4 (5 decks)

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