Problem-solving Flashcards

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1
Q

Algorithm

A

A method which produces a solution to a problem, but it is very time-consuming and inefficient

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2
Q

Exhaustive research

A

Trying out all the possible answers using a specified system

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3
Q

Heuristics ignore ________

A

some alternatives and examine only those that are most likely to yield a solution. This can lead to errors

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4
Q

The Analogy Approach

A

When you use the solution to a similar, previous problem to solve a new one

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5
Q

Problem isomorphs

A

A set or problems that have the same underlying structures and solutions, but differ in specific superficial details

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6
Q

Schema inductions

A

The process of trying several structurally similar problems before tackling the target problem, which leads to people identifying the connections between problems more easily

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7
Q

What are the 3 processes of the role of analogy?

A
  1. Note (that there is a connection between two problems)
  2. Mapping (key elements of the two problems)
  3. Schema development (arrive at a general schema that underlies the problems and enables the solution
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8
Q

The means-end heuristic

A

Breaking down a similar problem into smaller sub-goals

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9
Q

The hill-climbing heuristic

A

When you consistently choose the alternative that seems to lead most directly to the goal

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10
Q

Insight

A

A distinctive understanding of a problem , which involves looking at it in a different way

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11
Q

Early Gestaltist View

A

You need to break free from existing associations and see the problem in a different light

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12
Q

The Neo-Gestaltist View

A

Insightful problem-solving can be distinguished from non-insightful problem-solving through: estimating success and feeling of warmth

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13
Q

Transparency

A

Where people think they see analogies where they do not exist

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14
Q

Incubation

A

Putting the problem aside for a while without consciously thinking about it

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