Concepts Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Category

A

A set of objects can be treated as equivalent in some way (e.g., cars)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Concepts

A

The mental representations we form of categories (e.g., how to use a car)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Well defined categories define of two parts, which two?

A
  1. The necessary characteristics for membership (e.g. ,a dog has four legs, is an animal, and barks)
  2. These characteristics together must be sufficient for membership (e.g., an animal with four legs that barks is a dog)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three types of categories?

A
  1. Natural categories: occur naturally in the world
  2. Artifact categories: contain objects designed or invented by humans to perform certain functions

3.Ad hoc categories: formed only in the service of a particular purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fuzzy boundaries

A

members and non-members form a continuum with no clear break in membership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Typicality

A

even among items that clearly fall into a category, some seem to fit better than others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The most typical item is called the ____

A

The most typical item is called the prototype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Family resemblance theory

A

Typical items have features that are common in the category and do not have features that are common in other categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Basic level of categorization shows that ____

A

Basic level of categorization shows that people prefer to use categories that are not too wide (e.g., animal) and not too small (e.g., brown bear) to name an object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The Similarity-based approaches to concepts state ___

A

The Similarity-based approaches to concepts state that categorization is a matter of judging the similarity between the item and a standard in long-term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three Similarity-based approaches?

A

1.Classical view
2.Prototype approach
3.Exemplar approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classical view

A

Items are classified into a category if they have certain features or characteristics that are necessary and sufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prototype approach

A

Items are classified into a category if it has high family resemblance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Exemplar approach

A

We represent categories in terms of examples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Knowledge approach states that ____

A

We learn new concepts by connecting them to knowledge we already have about the real world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psychological essentialism

A

People tend to believe that some categories have an underlying essence that causes the features of that category

17
Q

Semantic networks

A

Knowledge is stores as associative networks where concepts are represented by nearby nodes that correspond to related concepts or features of a given concept

18
Q

Semantic priming

A

When certain concept is presented, the corresponding node is activated and spreads to other concepts in the network

19
Q

Category and feature verification task

A
  1. Category verification task: participants confirm or deny statements whether something is in a category
  2. Feature verification task: participants confirm or deny statements about characteristics of categories
20
Q

With semantic priming, the power of activation decreases ____

A

activation decreases with time, distance, and the number

21
Q

Semantic dementia

A

A progressive deterioration of the conceptual knowledge that supports semantic performance

22
Q

What were the results of the Semantic Dementia experiment?

A
  • Patients with semantic dementia produces less correct information in their drawings than the control subjects
  • The impairments are due to selective damage to central conceptual knowledge
  • There was a significant impact of item’s familiarity on the success of the drawing