P1 Attention Flashcards
Cocktail party phenomenon
a process in which the auditory attention is focused on a specific stimulus while the other stimuli are filtered out
Shadowing
a process in which you listen to two different messages but only focus on one
Selective attention
the processes that allow you to focus on a particular stimulus for further processing while simultaneously suppressing irrelevant information
Results Dichotic experiment (Colin Sherry)
Majority succeeded, but required lots of concentration
Researchers say that those who switched to the _____ message when hearing their name had a limited ______
Unattended + working-memory capacity
Three factors that improve selective listening
- Distinctive sensory characteristics (pitch, pacing)
- Sound intensity
3.Location of sound
For selective listening, _____ are less important than factors like ____ and ____
Spatial cues less important that harmony and rhythm
Selective attention: a filter ________
a filter blocks informations out
Selective attention: a bottleneck _____
a bottleneck slows down the flow of information
Does Broadbent’s model have a filter/bottleneck?
Broadbent’s model has a filter
In Broadbent’s model ____ channels reach the selective filter, but ____ channel goes through to perceptual processes
“Multiple” channels go reach selective filter but “only one” goes to processing
According to Moray’s Selective Filter Model, ______ can break through the filtering mechanism
Personally important messages can break through the filter
Does Treisman’s Attenuation Model have a filter/bottleneck?
Treisman’s Attenuation Model has a bottleneck
Treisman’s Attenuation Model: When unattended stimuli reaches us we analyze them at a ____ level on the basis of ____
We analyze them at a “low” level on the basis of “physical characteristics”
The filter in Deutsch’s Late-Filter Model is ____ perceptual processes
The filter is “after” perceptual processes
In Deutsch’s Late-Filter Model the stimuli are filtered out after they’ve been analyzed for _______
After they have been analyzed for the “physical properties and their meaning”
What model of selective attention explains the recognizing of one’s own name in the unattended ear?
Deutsch’s Late-Filter Model
What are the two processes that govern attention according to “A Synthesis of Early-Filter and Late-Filter Models”?
- Pre-attentive processes
- Attentive controlled processes
Pre-attentive processes are ___, ___, & ___
Pre-attentive processes are automatic, rapid, and parellel
Attentive controlled processes are ___ & ___
Attentive controlled processes are in sequence and consume time/resources
Dichotic listening is ____
Dichotic listening is a task in which different audio streams are presented to each ear. People are then asked to monitor one whilst ignoring the other
Inattentional blindeness is ___
Inattentional blindness is the failure to notice an object or event when your attention is devoted to something else
Inattentional deafness is ___
Inattentional deafness is when people fail to notice an unexpected sound when attention is devoted to other aspects of a scene q
Selective listening is ___
A method in which people focus attention on one auditory stream of information while deliberately ignoring other auditory information
What is the difference between dichotic listening and selective listening?
Dichotic listening is an experimental task used for research, while selective listening is more of a concept
Attentional blink is ___
Attentional blink is the reduced ability to identify the second source from two visual information sources that are presented shortly after each other
In Olivers Attentional Blink experiment, the Standard control group identified _______ ______ often
The Standard control group identified T2 least often
Free-association did significantly ____ than than the standard control group
Free-association did significantly better than than the standard control group
The reward group showed _____ difference from the standard group
The reward group showed no significant difference from the standard group
What was the conclusion of Olivers Attentional Blink Study?
Performance on an attention-intensive visual detection task can be improved when it is combined with task-irrelevant mental activity & The task-irrelevant mental activity improves the distribution of attention
What are 3 ways a divided attention state is caused?
- Excitement
- Positive affect (mood)
- Divided attention
