Principls And Theories Of Learning And Performance Flashcards
What is a learning plateu
When learning stops despite on going trials
What is on the y and x axis of the plateau graph
Performance, y
Trials (attempts) x
What is the first stage of the learning plateau (bottom part)
The rate of learning is slow
Performance level is poor
Cognitive stage of learning
The learner is working out the subroutines (no mental picture)
Trial and error learning
What happens at the second stage if the curve on the plateau
There is rapid acceleration, the graph is linear
The learner is gaining some success
Building confidence and motivation
Success is seen as reinforcement
What happens and stage 3 on the learning curve on the plateau
There is no further improvement in the rate of learning
The learner has hit the plateau
The performer maintains the same level
What happens at stage 4 on the learning curve on the plateau
The period towards the end of the task
The performer may actually start to deteriorate
This may be de to physical fatigue, boredom, loss of concentration, loss of motivation
Linked to drive reduction theory
What are some causes of the plateau on the graph?
- lack of motivation
-boredom
-goal is unachieveable - reached full potential
- target is set too low
- limited abilities to develop any further, eg height in swimming if you’re shorter you physically aren’t as good but there’s nothing you can d to change that
-poor quality of teaching and coaching
Solutions to the plateau effects on the graph
- introduce a new challenge
- new coach to raise performance levels
- rest and recover to avoid fatigue
- add more variety (varied practice)
- coach at high quality
-correct errors
What is the drive reduction theory
Desire to learn a new skill — drive to satisfy the need to learn the required—- the skill is mastered and learning is accomplished —— the drive to continue to work at the skill is reduced so it goes back to the drive to satisfy the need to learn the required skill
What does reinforcement mean
Any action or event that increases the probability of a response happening again
What is positive reinforcement
Invovles praise and rewards, rewards can be tangible
However if too much reinforcement is used it will loose effect and devalue the reward
What is negative reinforcement
The removal of praise when the performance is incorrect
Eg when a person scores, the coach will give praise but when he doesn’t the coach wont say anything
Why is reinforcement more useful then punishment
Reinforcement provided better information
Punishment leads to a negative feeling
Reinforcement tells you what to do, punishment only tells you what not to do
What is punishment
Any action that decreases the probability of action happening again
Too much creates a lack of motivation however elite performers may benefit from it more
