Principles - Reproductive System

Question 1

Where is the pelvic cavity?

Answer 1

It lies within the bony pelvis - the space in between the bones, between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet
Continuous with the abdominal cavity

Question 2

What is the pelvic inlet?

Answer 2

The way into the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Question 3

What is the pelvic outlet?

Answer 3

The way into the perineum from the pelvic

Question 4

What is the pelvic floor?

Answer 4

An internal wall of skeletal muscle

It separates the pelvic cavity and perineum

Question 5

What is the perineum?

Answer 5

The area between the anus and scrotum/vulva

Question 6

Where are openings in the pelvic floor?

Answer 6

Distal alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts can pass through

Question 7

What is the pelvic roof?

Answer 7

Formed by the parietal peritoneum - very thin serous membrane

Question 8

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 8

The lining of the abdominal cavity
Firmly attached to walls
Drapes over the pelvic viscera - organs are sub peritoneal

Question 9

Where does abnormal fluid in the peritoneal cavity collect?

Answer 9

In the Pouch of Douglas 
Rectouterine pouch (between rectum and uterus) - in anatomical position, most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity

Question 10

Where is the vesico-uterine pouch?

Answer 10

Between the bladder and uterus

Question 11

Describe the female perineum surface anatomy.

Answer 11

From top to bottom
External urethral orifice (urinary tract)
Vaginal orifice (female genital tract)
Anus (GI tract)

Question 12

What are the three layers of the uterus wall?

Answer 12

Perimetrium
Myometrium (biggest layer, smooth muscle and elastic tissue that lets the uterus expand during pregnancy)
Endometrium - the inner mucous type lining which is shed during menstruation

Question 13

What is the ampulla of the fallopian tube?

Answer 13

The second portion of the fallopian tube, intermediate dilated portion that curves over the ovary

Question 14

What is the isthmus of the uterus?

Answer 14

the inferior-posterior part of uterus,

here the uterine muscle is narrower and thinner.

Question 15

What are the fimbriae of the fallopian tube?

Answer 15

Fringe of tissue in the direction of the ovary, gathers the ovum

Question 16

Where does fertilisation usually take place?

Answer 16

In the ampulla

Question 17

How is female sterilisation carried out?

Answer 17

Tubal ligation - both uterine tubes are clipped, cut or cauterised, which books the lumen

Question 18

What is the anatomical position of the penis?

Answer 18

When it is erect

Question 19

Describe the surface anatomy of the penis.

Answer 19

External urethral orifice
Prepuce (hood)
Anterior surface (when erect - so back of the penis)
Scrotum - contain the testes 
Anus

Question 20

Where do testes originate?

Answer 20

On the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity.

Question 21

What is the route of testes descension?

Answer 21

Descend through the anterior abdominal wall, forming the inguinal canal

Question 22

Name the tube that sperm passes through.

Answer 22

The vas deferens

This follows the testes into the scrotum

Question 23

What is the route of the sperm?

Answer 23

1. Sperm produced in seminiferous tubules
2. Pass to rete testis
3. Pass into the head of the epididymis
4. The the epididymis becomes the vas deferens
5. The vas deferens passes through the anterior abdominal wall in the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal,
   going to the seminal glands, where seminal fluid is produced
6. You now have semen
7. The left and right ejaculatory ducts meet in the prostate and meet the urethra, becoming the prostatic urethra
8. Becomes spongy urethra as it passes down the penis to the external urethral opening

Question 24

What does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 24

Vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins

Question 25

What is torsion of the testes?

Answer 25

Twisting of the spermatic cord, disrupting blood supply and causing severe pain
This has the danger of testicular necrosis

Question 26

Where is the prostatic urethra? What does it do?

Answer 26

Passes almost vertically through the prostate gland

Drains urine from the bladder and passes semen in ejaculation

Question 27

Where is the spongy urethra?

Answer 27

After prostatic urethra - passes down through the penis to the external urethral opening

Question 28

Where do the left and right ejaculatory ducts meet?

Answer 28

In the prostate, where they meet the urethra

Combined these are all now called the urethra

Question 29

How many cylinders of erectile tissue are there in the penis?

Answer 29

3

They become engorged with blood at arterial pressure during erection

Question 30

What do the seminal glands produce?

Answer 30

Seminal fluid

provides nutrients and energy to the sperm

Question 31

How is male sterilisation carried out?

Answer 31

Vasectomy - vas deferens is transected and its lumen is sutured closed bilaterally