Principles - How do clinicians communicate? Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position (7 points)
- standing
- facing forward
- face and eyes looking anteriorly
- upper limbs by side
- palms of hands facing anteriorly
- feet together
- toes pointing anteriorly
How is a patient lying when they are supine?
On their back
How is a patient lying when they are prone?
On their front
How does the sagittal plane divide the body?
through the middle (longitudinal) - into left and right parts
How does the coronal plane divide the body?
through the middle - into front and back parts
How does the axial/ transverse plane divide the body?
Into upper and lower parts
What does anterior mean?
nearer to the front of the body
What does posterior mean?
nearer to the back of the body
What does superior or cranial mean?
nearer to the top of the head
What does inferior or caudal mean?
nearer to the soles of the feet
What does medial mean?
nearer to the midline/median plane
What does lateral mean?
further from the midline/medial plane
What does proximal mean?
nearer to the attachment of the limb to the body
What does distal mean?
further from the attachment of the limb to the body
What does dorsal mean?
near to the surface
What does unilateral mean?
The structure is normally found only on one side of the body
What does bilateral mean?
Normally paired structures
What does ipsilateral mean?
The structure lies on the same side of the body as the other structure or location that it is being compared to
What does contralateral mean?
The structure lies on the opposite side of the body to the other structure or location it is being compared to
What is flexion?
This is decreasing the angle between the bones at a joint.
What is extension?
This is increasing the angle between the bones at a joint.
What is abduction?
This is movement away from the medial plane
What is adduction?
This is movement towards the median plane
What is internal/medial rotation?
The anterior surface of a limb rotates towards the median plane
What is external/ lateral rotation?
The anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the median plane
What is circumduction?
This is circular movement at a joint
What is eversion?
The sole of the foot rotates away from the median plane such that the sole faces laterally
What is inversion?
The sole of the foot rotates towards the median plane such that the sole faces medially
What is pronation?
Anterior surface of the forearm rotates such that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly
What is supination?
The forearm rotates from the pronated position back to the anatomical position
