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KB - Principles Anatomy > Principles - Bones and Cartilage > Flashcards

Principles - Bones and Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What is articulation?

A

When two surfaces work/move together - e.g. at joints, bones articulate together

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2
Q

What do words containing the prefix ‘costo’ refer to?

A

The ribs

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3
Q

What do words containing the prefix ‘chondro’ refer to?

A

The cartilage

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4
Q

Which joint connects the skull to the vertebrae?

A

The craniovertebral joints

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5
Q

Which joint is between the vertebrae and ribs?

A

The costovertebral joints

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6
Q

Which joint connects rib to cartilage?

A

The costochondral joints

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7
Q

Which joint connects rib to sternum?

A

The sternocostal joints

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8
Q

Which joints join the radius and ulna?

A

The proximal and distal radioulnar joints

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9
Q

Which joints join the tibia and fibula?

A

The proximal and distal tibiofibular joints

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10
Q

Which joint joins the temporal bone to the mandible?

A

The temporomandibular joints

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11
Q

What does the acromioclavicular joint join?

A

The acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest part of the shoulder) and the clavicle

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12
Q

Which joint joins the sternum and the clavicle?

A

The sternoclavicular joints

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13
Q

What is the sternal angle?

A

Joins the manubrium and the sternum

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14
Q

What is the sacroiliac joint?

A

Joins the ileum of the pelvis to the sacrum

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15
Q

What is the pubic symphysis?

A

Joins the superior rami of the right and left pubic bones

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16
Q

What three types of joint are there?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

17
Q

How many types of fibrous joint are there? What are they?

A

2 - Syndesmoses and sutures

18
Q

What are syndesmoses?

A

These are a type of fibrous joint
They unite the bone with a fibrous sheet (interosseous membrane)
They are partially movable

19
Q

What are sutures?

A

They are a type of fibrous joint
They are found between the bones of the skull, where they interlock together (e.g. coronal suture)
They are highly stable

20
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

These are wide sutures in the neonatal skull, that allow the growing frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones to ‘slide’ over each other, allowing passage through the birth canal

21
Q

How many types of cartilaginous joint are there? What are they?

A

2 - primary and secondary

22
Q

What are primary cartilaginous joints?

A

Known as Synchondroses
These are bones joined by hyaline cartilage
This permits growth in the length of the bone - after a certain age, cartilage replaced by bone

23
Q

What is an epiphyseal growth plate?

A

This is a temporary form of primary cartilaginous joint where the cartilage is converted into bone before adult life

24
Q

What are secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

Known as Symphyses
Strong
Slightly movable

25
Q

Give examples of symphyses/ secondary cartilaginous joints.

A

Intervertebral joints

pubic symphysis

26
Q

What is the most common joint in the body?

A

Synovial

27
Q

What is the purpose of synovial fluid? Where is it found?

A

It cushions, nourishes and lubricates the joint

In the joint cavity

28
Q

How is friction reduced in synovial joints?

A

The articular surfaces are covered in hyaline cartilage so surfaces are smoother
Bursae - extensions of joint cavity or closed sacs separate from joint cavity, prevent friction

29
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Really tough fibrous bands that go from bone to bone - they strengthen synovial joints and improve stability

30
Q

What are the 5 subtypes of synovial joint? Describe them and give an example of each.

A
  1. Plane joint: two bones are quite flat in surface, tiny bit of movement in one plane e.g. acromioclavicular joint
  2. Hinge joint: more movement than a plane joint, but still only in one plane of movement e.g. elbow joint
  3. Biaxial joint: movement in more than one plane, but better in one plane than any other e.g. carpometacarpal joint
  4. Ball and Socket: pretty much any movement, especially circumduction e.g. hip joint
  5. Pivot joint: shaking of head movement e.g. atlanto-axial joint
31
Q

What is dislocation?

A

Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces

32
Q

What is sublaxation?

A

This is reduced area of contact between articular surfaces

33
Q

Name some common dislocations.

A 
Temperomandibular
Craniovertebral 
Hip
Elbow
Shoulder 
knee 
Interphalangeal (PIP and DIP)
34
Q

What is the TMJ?

A

Temperomandibular joint
It is a synovial hinge joint between the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone superiorly and the head of the condylar process of the mandible inferiorly

35
Q

What is the special feature of the TMJ?

A

There is an articular disc which completely separates the articular cavity

KB - Principles Anatomy (15 decks)

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