Principles of Surgery Flashcards
1
Q
Decontamination vs Disinfection vs Sterilization
A
- Decontamination - removal of pathogens from tissue or inanimate objects
- Disinfection - destruction of pathogenic microorganism on inanimate objects (surface, instrument)
- Sterilization - destruction of all living microorganisms and spore on object
2
Q
Are lids necessary for sterilization?
A
- lid is NOT necessary - takes up spac and reduces effectiveness of sterile procedures
3
Q
What agent is used for spot cleaning and injection site preparation?
A
Alcohol: isopropyl alochol; ethyl alcohol
4
Q
Steam Sterilization
A
- Heat-tolerant supplies
- Temperature, pressure and exposure time combination
- MOA: coagulation and cellular portein denaturation
5
Q
Most common steam sterilizer:
A
- Gravity displacement sterilizers
- Air is heavier than steam
- Minimum time and temperature: 10-25 minutes at 270 degrees F or 15-20 minutes at 250 degrees F
6
Q
Chemical (Gas) Sterilization
A
- Ethylene oxide - flammable, explosive gas
- MOA: alter cellular metabolism and replication through alkylation of proteins, DNA, and RNA
- Advantage - can sterilize heat sensitive items
- Disadvantage - lengthy cycle time, cost and health hazard
- Essential parameters: gas concentration, temperature, realtive humidity and exposure time
- Aeration is important - well ventilated area for minimum of 7 days
- Moisture and organic material can bond with EtO and leave toxic residue
- Envionrmental and health hazards
7
Q
Plasma Sterilization
A
- MOA: inactivates microorganisms through hydrogen peroxide gas and generation of free radicles (UV light)
- Advantages: low-temp, safe, short term intervals, aeration NOT required
- Wrapped in nonwoven polypropylene fabric or plastic pouches
- Disadvantage: thick items will slow down process
8
Q
Peracetic Acid Sterilization
A
- Peracetic Acid: anticorrosive agent
- MOA: denatures proteins, disrupts cell wall, oxidizes proteins
- Advantage: maintains efficacy with organic material
9
Q
Ionization Raidation - Sterilization
A
- Cobalt 60 gamma rays
- Low-temp
- Expensive (not used in health care facilities)
10
Q
Cold Chemical Sterilization
A
- 2% glutaraldehyde solutions
- MOA: alkylation of RNA and DNA to disrupt protein synthesis
- Advantages: non-corrosive, easy on delicate instruments
- Disadvantages: only waterproof instruments; respiratory, mucosal, and dermal irritation
11
Q
Sterilization indicators
A
- Does NOT indicate sterility
- Indicators respond to extreme heat, pressure, or humidity - certain conditions have been met
- Inside and outside of packs
12
Q
Rough Scrub of surgical site - non-sterile
A
- Chlorhexidine, alcohol, iodophors
- Chlorhexidine is more effective than povidone iodine solutions
- AVOID excessive scrubbing - irritating
- Contact time is most important - not the type of solution, but the actual time the solution is on there to take effect
13
Q
Scrub duration: first of the day and subsequent scrubs
A
- First of the day: 5-7 minutes
- Subsequent scrubs: 2-3 minutes
14
Q
When scrubbing in, use sponge side or brush side?
A
Sponge side - becuase brush can cause microcracks in the skin and bring up bacteria onto the surface
15
Q
Defects in 1/4 of gloves in vet setting:
A
- Non-dominant hand
- Non-soft tissue procedures
- Procedures lasting >60 minutes
