Hernias II Flashcards
Perineal muscles separate allowing rectal, pelvic, or abdominal contents to displace into the perineal skin.
Perineal hernia
The pelvic diaphragm is stronger in the ____ dog (female or male)
female
83 - 93% of perineal hernias are associated with ____ hormones
male
three muscles that make up the pelvic diaphragm
- Levator ani
- Coccygeus
- External anal sphincter
In dogs, the perineum is bounded by:
Dorsally by the third caudal vertebrae
Laterally by the sacrotuberous ligament
Ventrally by ischial arch
Structures running through the pelvic diaphragm
Internal pudendal A and V
Pudendal N
What is the most common presentation of perineal hernias?
Right sided, unilateral
The most common pierneal hernia is _____
caudal hernia
Signalment of perineal hernia
Common in dogs
Median age of 10 years
Intact males over-represented
Commonly affected breeds: boston terrier, boxer, corgi, perkingese, dachshunds, collies, old english sheepdog, poodles
Most common clinical signs with perineal hernia
Tenesmus
Perineal swelling
Constipation/obstipation
Which technique in correcting abdominal hernias results in better cosmesis, while being more challenging especially if the itnernal obturtator muscle atrophy is severe. This technique also creates ventral “sling” for the defect.
Transposition technique
Usually, it is important to treat trauamtic diaphgragmatic hernias medically first, to stabilize the patient. It becomes a surgically emergency when:
Stomach in the thorax, strangulated instestines, continued decompensation, severe ventialtion problems
_____ pressure ventilation is needed when patient with diaphragmatic hernia is undergoing anesthesia since thorax is open to the abdomen.
Positive
Avoid ____ inspriatory pressure with diaphragmatic hernia patients undergoing anesthesia.
High
The four types of tears in diaphragmatic hernias are:
- circumferential
- L-and T-shaped
- Radial
- Miscellaneous
Should you debride edges when surgically repairing diaphragmatic hernias?
NO! because this decreases the available tissue to use in the repair of the hernia
Suture pattern/type of suture in surgical repair of diaphragmatic hernia:
Simple continuous pattern, non-asborbable or PDS
Closing a diaphgramatic hernia, and incorporating the ribs:
diaphragmatic avulsion
Most common complication of diaphragmatic hernia treatment:
iatrogenic pneumothorax
What does PPDH stand for?
Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia
Congenital communication between the abdomen and the pericardial sac
PPDH
PPDH can be caused by faulty development or prenatal injury of the ______
Septum transversum
signalment of PPDH
Often middle-aged or older
Weimaraners and cocker spaniels may be at increased risk
DLH and Himalayan cats may be predisposed
