Principles of Programming

Question 1

Addressing

Answer 1

refers to assigning/retrieving data from memory locations

Question 2

Direct Addressing

Answer 2

tells CPU the addressing that contains necessary data, limiting the amount of addressable memory

Question 3

Immediate Addressing

Answer 3

value to be loaded is included as part of the instruction, not in memory

Question 4

Indexed Addressing

Answer 4

address is accessed and modified by addition to numbers in the index together, increasing the amount of addressable memory

Question 5

Indirect Addressing

Answer 5

contains address that contains the address where memory is stored, allowing easy relocation

Question 6

Assembler

Answer 6

translates assembly code into machine code

Question 7

Assembly Language

Answer 7

a low-level, second-generation programming language designed for a specific type of processor that can be converted to machine code using an assembler, written in mnemonic codes

Question 8

Comments in Assembly Language

Answer 8

help people understand the code

Question 9

Labels in Assembly Language

Answer 9

highest item, identifies sections of code

Question 10

Operands in Assembly Language

Answer 10

what the command will be carried out on

Question 11

Operations in Assembly Language

Answer 11

command to be carried out

Question 12

Attribute

Answer 12

data in an object

Question 13

Backus-Naur Form

Answer 13

used by the developers of programming languages to specify the syntax rules of a language

Question 14

Class

Answer 14

a template used to create objects of that class

Question 15

Conjunction

Answer 15

here digits are anded

Question 16

CSS

Answer 16

Cascading Style Sheets

designs the website’s visual style

Question 17

De Facto Standard

Answer 17

a standard that has no formal approval, but is generally done

Question 18

Derived Class

Answer 18

specialised class based on a superclass with attributes and methods, inheriting all the attitudes and methods of the superclass

Question 19

Disjunction

Answer 19

where digits are or’d

Question 20

Dynamic Typing

Answer 20

there is no need to specify variable types

Question 21

Encapsulation

Answer 21

hiding attributes and objects so they can only be accessed or changed using methods defined for the class, therefore maintaining data integrity and avoiding errors

Question 22

Event

Answer 22

signal generated by an external action, eg mouse movement/keystroke to the program so it can respond to events by event handling

Question 23

Event-Driven Programming

Answer 23

consists of a series of event handlers that runs relevant code when an event occurs

Question 24

Event Handling

Answer 24

subroutines that respond to an event

Question 25

Explicit Data Types

Answer 25

the opposite of dynamic typing

Question 26

HTML

Answer 26

Hypertext Markup Language specifies the layout of the webpage

Question 27

Indentation Based Syntax

Answer 27

where no curly brackets or semi-colons are used, only indentation

Question 28

JavaScript

Answer 28

processes user input to make webpages responsive to the user

Question 29

Listeners

Answer 29

subroutines that respond to an event

Question 30

Machine Code

Answer 30

code that the computer can understand, made up of 1s and 0s, processed by the CPU and often presented to users as hexadecimal

Question 31

Machine and O/S Independent

Answer 31

the programming language will work on many different machines and operating systems

Question 32

Mark-Up Languages

Answer 32

plaintext that is marked up to indicate layout and formatting with tags

Question 33

Metatags

Answer 33

mark the beginning and end of each section of the document which are not case sensitive

Question 34

Methods

Answer 34

procedures and functions acted out on data

Question 35

Object

Answer 35

a real-world entity about which data is stored, a specific instance of class, made up of attributes and methods

Question 36

Object-Oriented Program

Answer 36

programming based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code

Question 37

Opcode

Answer 37

specifies the operation to be performed

Question 38

Arithmetic Opcode

Answer 38

maths stuff, such as adding, subtracting or overflows

Question 39

Branching Opcode

Answer 39

allows jumping between parts of the code

Question 40

Conditional Jump

Answer 40

happens if a condition is met

Question 41

Unconditional Jump

Answer 41

jump always happens

Question 42

Data Transfer Opcode

Answer 42

used to move/store/load data between registers and main memory

Question 43

Logical Shift Opcode

Answer 43

carried out logical operations, eg binary masks

Question 44

Polymorphism

Answer 44

the ability of a derived class to change/redefine methods inherited from the superclass

Question 45

Problem Oriented

Answer 45

where a programming language is developed specifically to solve a problem

Question 46

Procedural Generation

Answer 46

technique used in gaming to create backgrounds

Question 47

Procedural Programming

Answer 47

paradigm that relies on procedures and subroutines to form tasks, using control flow statements, variables, modularisation, machine and O/S independent, high-level and use top-down development

Question 48

Standardisation

Answer 48

the process of developing and promoting standards

Question 49

Standard Library

Answer 49

collection of pre-written code that can be imported with the program

Question 50

Syntax Diagram

Answer 50

represent BNF in a more accessible manner

Question 51

Tags

Answer 51

use chevron brackets with a keyword, usually come in pairs to indicate the start and end

Question 52

Top-Down Development

Answer 52

where the program is broken down into smaller problems and is repeated until each problem is small enough to deal with, so each piece of the problem will need a separate subroutine

Question 53

Visual Programming

Answer 53

uses graphical blocks that click together, colour coding, group of related functions and drag and drop, so there is no need to remember syntax and the focus can be on solving the problem, but I has a reduced instruction set, limited access to OS and doesn’t allow file handling

Question 54

Website

Answer 54

use hyper-linked pages and can contain different types of information including images, texts and multimedia, hosted by the internet

Question 55

XML

Answer 55

Extensible Markup Language a markup language that is commonly used in web applications, used to structure and markup data for storage rather than display, acting like a database