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Computer Science A-Level > Data Representation and Types > Flashcards

Data Representation and Types Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute Value

A

also known as the magnitude, can be found by taking a negative binary number and switching all the 1s to 0s and all the 0s to 1s

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2
Q

ASCII

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

the type of code that tells your keys what is being typed, offering 128 characters, with one bit per character

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3
Q

Extended ASCII

A

the same as standard ASCII, but with 96 additional characters

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4
Q

Standard ASCII

A

contains 128 characters, only large enough for Americans, not English people

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5
Q

Analogue

A

contains infinite states

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6
Q

Analytical Engine

A

a computer designed by Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace to compose music that never got made because Lovelace developed a gambling addiction

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7
Q

Backward Compatibility

A

the phenomenon under which the first 128 characters of ASCII and Unicode use the same codes

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8
Q

BITs

A

Binary Digits

either a 1 or a 0

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9
Q

Nybble

A

4 bits

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10
Q

B

A

Byte

8 bits

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11
Q

KB

A

Kilobyte

1024 bytes

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12
Q

MB

A

Megabyte

1024KB

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13
Q

GB

A

Gigabyte

1024MB

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14
Q

TB

A

Terabyte

1024GB

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15
Q

PB

A

Petabyte

1024TB

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16
Q

EB

A

Exabyte

1024PB

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17
Q

ZB

A

Zettabyte

1024EB

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18
Q

YB

A

Yottabyte

1024ZB

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19
Q

Bucket

A

used to store more than one piece of data across a hash table

20
Q

Character Set

A

all the characters recognised by the computer

21
Q

Collisions

A

occur when the hash function generates the same index for more than one key. In this case, both entries are stored in the same bucket

22
Q

Data Structure

A

holds multiple values, e.g. array

23
Q

Difference Engine

A

an early calculator designed by Charles Babbage in the 1820s

24
Q

Digital

A

involves two states

25
Q

Graphics

A

the use of computers linked to display screens to generate and manipulate visual images

26
Q

Bitmap Graphics

A

a type of raster image and is composed of many tiny parts, called pixels, which are often many different colours. It is possible to edit each individual pixel

27
Q

Raster Graphics

A

dot matrix data structures representing a grid of pixels and cannot scale up without loss of apparent quality. They tend to be large in terms of the memory required to store them

28
Q

Vector Graphics

A

allow the graphic to resize without losing quality, unlike the other two. This is because they use geometrically primitive objects such as points, lines, curves and shapes or polygons which are based on mathematical expression to represent images

29
Q

Hash Function

A

distributes entries across a group of buckets

30
Q

Hash Table

A

dynamic data structure that maps keys to index values in an array

31
Q

Least Significant Bit

A

the bit right at the end of the binary number, that has the least effect

32
Q

Linked List

A

dynamic data structure where data is not necessarily stored in order or in contiguous memory locations, a multi-dimensional list where each entry has a link to the next

33
Q

Load Factor

A

the ratio of a number of entries in the table divided by the total number of buckets. As the load factor increases, access rates slow. Ideally, the load factor should always be less than one

34
Q

Logarithms

A

a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number

35
Q

Magnitude

A

also known as the absolute value, can be found by taking a negative binary number and switching all the 1s to 0s and all the 0s to 1s

36
Q

Most Significant Bit

A

the bit right at the beginning of the binary number, that has the most effect, because it shows whether a number is positive or negative

37
Q

Non-Principle Characters

A

characters such as umlauts

38
Q

Pixels

A

picture elements

small coloured dots that make up graphics

39
Q

Primitive Data Type

A

holds only one value, eg and integer

40
Q

Principle Characters

A

important characters such as letters and numbers

41
Q

Separating Chaining

A

this overcomes the data collision issue where the same location is generated for more than one piece of data. The original table is used to store a dynamic data structure like a linked list.

42
Q

Signed

A

where is is said whether or not a number is positive or negative by the most significant bit, with 1 as negative and 0 as positive

43
Q

Signedness

A

whether it is said whether a number is positive or negative by the most significant bit, with 1 as negative and 0 as positive

44
Q

Two’s Complement

A

the law that states that the most significant bit should show whether a number is positive or negative, with 1 as negative and 0 as positive

45
Q

Unicode

A

similar to ASCII, but has 65536 characters, so is big enough to deal with languages such as Chinese, Japanese and Thai

46
Q

Unsigned

A

where it is not said whether a number is positive or negative, meaning it is most likely positive

47
Q

Word

A

amount of data processed in one CPU cycle

Computer Science A-Level (18 decks)

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