Data Representation and Types

Question 1

Absolute Value

Answer 1

also known as the magnitude, can be found by taking a negative binary number and switching all the 1s to 0s and all the 0s to 1s

Question 2

ASCII

Answer 2

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

the type of code that tells your keys what is being typed, offering 128 characters, with one bit per character

Question 3

Extended ASCII

Answer 3

the same as standard ASCII, but with 96 additional characters

Question 4

Standard ASCII

Answer 4

contains 128 characters, only large enough for Americans, not English people

Question 5

Analogue

Answer 5

contains infinite states

Question 6

Analytical Engine

Answer 6

a computer designed by Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace to compose music that never got made because Lovelace developed a gambling addiction

Question 7

Backward Compatibility

Answer 7

the phenomenon under which the first 128 characters of ASCII and Unicode use the same codes

Question 8

BITs

Answer 8

Binary Digits

either a 1 or a 0

Question 9

Nybble

Answer 9

4 bits

Question 10

B

Answer 10

Byte

8 bits

Question 11

KB

Answer 11

Kilobyte

1024 bytes

Question 12

MB

Answer 12

Megabyte

1024KB

Question 13

GB

Answer 13

Gigabyte

1024MB

Question 14

TB

Answer 14

Terabyte

1024GB

Question 15

PB

Answer 15

Petabyte

1024TB

Question 16

EB

Answer 16

Exabyte

1024PB

Question 17

ZB

Answer 17

Zettabyte

1024EB

Question 18

YB

Answer 18

Yottabyte

1024ZB

Question 19

Bucket

Answer 19

used to store more than one piece of data across a hash table

Question 20

Character Set

Answer 20

all the characters recognised by the computer

Question 21

Collisions

Answer 21

occur when the hash function generates the same index for more than one key. In this case, both entries are stored in the same bucket

Question 22

Data Structure

Answer 22

holds multiple values, e.g. array

Question 23

Difference Engine

Answer 23

an early calculator designed by Charles Babbage in the 1820s

Question 24

Digital

Answer 24

involves two states

Question 25

Graphics

Answer 25

the use of computers linked to display screens to generate and manipulate visual images

Question 26

Bitmap Graphics

Answer 26

a type of raster image and is composed of many tiny parts, called pixels, which are often many different colours. It is possible to edit each individual pixel

Question 27

Raster Graphics

Answer 27

dot matrix data structures representing a grid of pixels and cannot scale up without loss of apparent quality. They tend to be large in terms of the memory required to store them

Question 28

Vector Graphics

Answer 28

allow the graphic to resize without losing quality, unlike the other two. This is because they use geometrically primitive objects such as points, lines, curves and shapes or polygons which are based on mathematical expression to represent images

Question 29

Hash Function

Answer 29

distributes entries across a group of buckets

Question 30

Hash Table

Answer 30

dynamic data structure that maps keys to index values in an array

Question 31

Least Significant Bit

Answer 31

the bit right at the end of the binary number, that has the least effect

Question 32

Linked List

Answer 32

dynamic data structure where data is not necessarily stored in order or in contiguous memory locations, a multi-dimensional list where each entry has a link to the next

Question 33

Load Factor

Answer 33

the ratio of a number of entries in the table divided by the total number of buckets. As the load factor increases, access rates slow. Ideally, the load factor should always be less than one

Question 34

Logarithms

Answer 34

a quantity representing the power to which a fixed number (the base) must be raised to produce a given number

Question 35

Magnitude

Answer 35

also known as the absolute value, can be found by taking a negative binary number and switching all the 1s to 0s and all the 0s to 1s

Question 36

Most Significant Bit

Answer 36

the bit right at the beginning of the binary number, that has the most effect, because it shows whether a number is positive or negative

Question 37

Non-Principle Characters

Answer 37

characters such as umlauts

Question 38

Pixels

Answer 38

picture elements small coloured dots that make up graphics

Question 39

Primitive Data Type

Answer 39

holds only one value, eg and integer

Question 40

Principle Characters

Answer 40

important characters such as letters and numbers

Question 41

Separating Chaining

Answer 41

this overcomes the data collision issue where the same location is generated for more than one piece of data. The original table is used to store a dynamic data structure like a linked list.

Question 42

Signed

Answer 42

where is is said whether or not a number is positive or negative by the most significant bit, with 1 as negative and 0 as positive

Question 43

Signedness

Answer 43

whether it is said whether a number is positive or negative by the most significant bit, with 1 as negative and 0 as positive

Question 44

Two's Complement

Answer 44

the law that states that the most significant bit should show whether a number is positive or negative, with 1 as negative and 0 as positive

Question 45

Unicode

Answer 45

similar to ASCII, but has 65536 characters, so is big enough to deal with languages such as Chinese, Japanese and Thai

Question 46

Unsigned

Answer 46

where it is not said whether a number is positive or negative, meaning it is most likely positive

Question 47

Word

Answer 47

amount of data processed in one CPU cycle