principles of nutrition and hydration

Question 1

why does your nutritional requirement differ

Answer 1

on age , sex , levels of activity and state of health.

Question 2

how is energy obtained

Answer 2

from the foods you eat

Question 3

what is energy required to support

Answer 3

basal metabolic rate

Question 4

what is basal metabolic rate

Answer 4

the minimum amount of energy required to sustain your bodys vital functions

Question 5

What is a calorie

Answer 5

1 calorie is the energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 degrees

Question 6

what is a joule

Answer 6

1 joule of energy moves a mass of 1 gram at a velocity of 1 metre per second. approximately 4.2 joules =1 calorie

Question 7

what is a kilocalorie

Answer 7

1 calorie is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 litre of water by 1 degree . it is equal to 1000 calories and is used to state the energy value of food

Question 8

what is a kilojoule

Answer 8

a unit of energy , equivalent to 1000 joules

Question 9

what is RDA ( recommended daily allowance)

Answer 9

it is used to prevent nutritional deficiency by recommending an intake target per day for each nutrient

Question 10

what is dietary reference values

Answer 10

it is an umbrella term that can be applied to the following measures of nutrient intake values:
estimated average requirements (ear)
safe intake (S)
reference intake : reference nutrient intake (RNI) and lower reference nutrient intake ( LRNI)

Question 11

what is EAR estimated average requirements

Answer 11

widely used value in assessing energy requirement

Question 12

what is safe intake (SI)

Answer 12

it is a term used to represent an intake that is thought to be adequate for most peoples needs

Question 13

what is RI ( reference intake )

Answer 13

they are guidelines based on the approximate amount of energy and nutrients needed daily for a healthy balanced diet.

Question 14

what is metabolism

Answer 14

refers to the chemical processes that occur that occur within the body in order to maintain life. it consists of both anabolism and catabolism. typically used to breakdown food and transform into energy

Question 15

what does anabolism mean

Answer 15

the build-up of substances

Question 16

what is catabolism

Answer 16

breakdown of substances

Question 17

how is BMR measured

Answer 17

it is measured under strict conditions of rest in the morning , after an overnight fast in a temperature controlled environment free from distractions , medications and stress that would increase metabolic activity

Question 18

what is RMR

Answer 18

it is resting metabolic rate. it is used because BMR require the need to sleep overnight in a laboratory

Question 19

what is harris benedict equation (BMR)

Answer 19

males : = 66.5 + (13.75 × weight, kg) + (5.0 × height, cm) – (6.76 × age, years)
female : R = 655.1 + (9.56 × weight, kg) + (1.85 × height, cm) – (4.68 × age, years

Question 20

what is PAL

Answer 20

Light exercise (1–3 days): = BMR × 1.375
Moderate exercise (3–5 days ): = BMR × 1.55
Heavy exercise (6–7 days ): = BMR × 1.725
Very heavy exercise (twice per day, extra heavy workouts): = BMR × 1.9