Principles of learning Flashcards
Principles of learning:
Practice and over-learning.
Identical elements.
Whole versus part learning.
Massed versus distributed practice.
Practice:
Critical to retaining newly learnt skills. Emphasizes active practice.
Over-learning:
Practice of presenting learners extra learning opportunities even after mastery of the task. Lead to automaticity and adequate, long-term task performance.
Identical elements (physical and psychological fidelity):
Fidelity is extent to which task in the training situation is similar to the job. Elements should be identical.
Whole learning versus part learning:
Whole learning occurs when entire task is practiced at once. Part learning when sub-tasks are practiced separately and later combined.
Massed versus distributed practice:
Massed are conditions in which learners practice continuously and without rest. Distributed gives learners rest intervals and are spaced over a longer period of time.
Human intelligence:
Multiple intelligence.
Sternberg’s three intelligences.
Emotional intelligences.
Multiple intelligences:
Main intelligences: Communication, objects and relating to self.
Communication: Verbal/linguistic and musical/rhythmic.
Objects: Visual/spatial, bodily/kinaesthetic, logical/mathematical and naturalist.
Relating to self: Interpersonal and Intrapersonal
Interpersonal:
Interacts well with others.
Social beings, sensitive and intuitive.
Often friendly.
Valuable member of a team.
Intrapersonal:
High degree of self-awareness.
Knows manage own emotions.
Self-reflection and goal-setting are important.
Acts on strong awareness.
Sternberg’s three intelligences:
Practical: Use to solve problems.
Analytical: Identifies problems, decides on optimal solution.
Creative: Concentrates on new ways of doing things. Use cognitive processes.
Emotional intelligences:
Complement traditional view of general intelligence. Differs from person to person.
