Principles of inflammation 1

Question 1

causes of inflammation

physical:

Answer 1

trauma, surgery

Question 2

causes of inflammation

chemical:

Answer 2

mediical drugs

Question 3

causes of inflammation

infection

Answer 3

bacteria, fungi, virsus

Question 4

causes of inflammaion

immune reaction

Answer 4

allergy, auto-immune

Question 5

inflammation signs

Answer 5

red, warm, swelling, pain –or loss of function

Question 6

inflamamtion events (1-3)

Answer 6

vasoconstriction, vasodialation, statis-capillaries + venules

Question 7

vasodialation

Answer 7

increased blood flow

leads to erthema and heat

Question 8

statis-caillaries and venules

Answer 8

hemonconcentration -> ^ viscosisty

margination of leukocytes

Question 9

Permeability mechanisms

endothelial gaps

Answer 9

rapid/short lived
reversible
due to endothelial contraction
mediated by histamine

Question 10

permeability mechanism

direct injruy

Answer 10

arterioles, capillaries
toxins, burn, chemicals
rapid/long lived

Question 11

Permeabilty mechanism

leukocyte-dependent injury

Answer 11

ppolys cause injury when adhere to endothelim

–>release of free radicals

Question 12

Permeability mechanism

Transcytosis

Answer 12

early response
transport endothelim via cytoplasmic vesicles
mediated by VEGF–> new vessels forming

Question 13

Results in early acute inflammtion

Answer 13

edema (Extracellular h2o)
hemoconcentration (intravascular) from fluid loss
pain from press within tissues

Question 14

transudate

Answer 14

fluid clear and mostly water

Question 15

exudate

Answer 15

fluid, protein, cells

Question 16

inflammation events 4-9

Answer 16

margination
rolling *
adhesion *
transmigration *
chemotaxis
phagocytosis

Question 17

what is margination based on

Answer 17

slow flow, not adhesion

Question 18

molecules : rolling –> adhesion

Answer 18

selections

Question 19

molecules: adhesion –>transmigration

Answer 19

integrins

Question 20

selectins

Answer 20

transmembrane proteins
lectin domain binds to carbs
* binds to addressins with Lewis X
*weak

Question 21

intergrins (30 protein family)

Answer 21

bind to endothelium

Question 22

immunoglobin superfamily

Answer 22

bind to intergrins on WBCs

Question 23

importance of P-Selection

Answer 23

binds to Lewis X (all wbcs)

primes cells for rolling

Question 24

improtance of ELAM-1 (E-selections)

Answer 24

binds to Lew X (poly, mono)

invlved in rolling

Question 25

importance of ICAM -1

Answer 25

binds to an integrin CD18 (all wbcs)

involed in adhesion

Question 26

why dont endothelium and wbcs sick together all the time?

Answer 26

weibel-palade bodies

Question 27

what is used by all wbcs to migrate between endo cells

Answer 27

PeCAM (homotypic) –>pierces membrane using collagenases

Question 28

transmigration

Answer 28

wbcs move through vessel wall
poly after 24
mon after 48

Question 29

chemotaxis

Answer 29

wbcs attracted to injury

mediators like c5a, LTB4, IL-8

Question 30

chemotaxis mechanism

Answer 30

c5a binds–>activates phos lipase –>PIP2 –>IP3—>increased Ca++–>Assembly of contracile proteins–>cell motility

Question 31

what regulates cell traficking?

Answer 31

chemotactic factors

Question 32

where do cell move toward during chemotaxis

Answer 32

toward high concenration of chemokines

Question 33

phagocytosis

Answer 33

pmns-sloppy eats

macro-polite eater