Principles of immunization

Question 1

What are the types of vaccines

Answer 1

Attenuated infectious agents, Inactivated/detoxified agents

Question 2

T/F: Attenuated maintain their immunogenicity but their virulence is gone

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is a benefit of attenuated vaccines

Answer 3

generally considered to conger lifelong immunity in those who respond to antigen production increases

Question 4

What is attenuated vaccine that doesn’t last for life

Answer 4

MMR

Question 5

Which vaccine gives a stronger immune response

Answer 5

Attenuated

Question 6

Why do inactivated vaccines have higher doses

Answer 6

The amount of antigen does not increase once in the patient

Question 7

T/F: Inactivated vaccines usually only need one shot and last for life

Answer 7

False: Inactivated vaccines are usually needed multiple times and only last years

Question 8

What determines the immunogenicity of a vaccine

Answer 8

chemical and physical states of the antigen, characteristics of the individual, how the antigen is presented

Question 9

What are the characteristics of an individual that affect immunogenicity

Answer 9

genetics, physical condition

Question 10

What parts of antigen presentation affect immunogenicity

Answer 10

route of administration, dose, timing of dose, adjuvants

Question 11

What are benefits of T-lymphocyte-dependent immune response

Answer 11

induces immunologic memory, boosts effects with repeat administration, provides immunogenicity to all age group

Question 12

What age groups of patients do not benefit from T-lymphocyte-independent response, do repeated injections help

Answer 12

infants, young children and elderly/ no

Question 13

T/F: T-lymphocyte-independent response cannot be overcome

Answer 13

False: T-lymphocyte independent response can be overcome through a T-lymphocyte dependent immune response through linkage to a carrier protein

Question 14

What route gives systemic IgG

Answer 14

IM and SC

Question 15

What route gives local IgA and some systemic IgG

Answer 15

Oral or nasal

Question 16

How long does it take for a full immune response

Answer 16

2 weeks

Question 17

How long does it take to for antibodies to circulate, what is the order

Answer 17

7-10 days/ low affinty IgM antibodies first followed by high affinity IgG

Question 18

How fast is the 2nd response to the same antigen

Answer 18

4 to 5 days

Question 19

T/F: Once approved, vaccines do not need to repeat the process of development even if the components change

Answer 19

True

Question 20

When does the patent life on vaccines end

Answer 20

They do not

Question 21

What is the success rate for vaccines

Answer 21

mostly 80%

Question 22

What must be considered before a vaccine is used

Answer 22

risk of disease, risk of vaccine, benefit of vaccine

Question 23

How are is the inactivated influenza vaccine manufactured

Answer 23

manufactured in eggs

Question 24

What does the trivalent vaccine contain, quadrivalent

Answer 24

A viruses H1N1 and H3N2 and one B strain, quadrivalent vaccine contains two B strains

Question 25

Why must the vaccine be changed yearly

Answer 25

Antigen drift require annual changes in vaccine components to reflect strains in circulation

Question 26

How is the inactivated influenza vaccine admnistered

Answer 26

IM

Question 27

Who should get the flu shot

Answer 27

Should be given annually to everyone greater than 6 months old

Question 28

What does the inactivated influeza vaccine prevent and at what percentage

Answer 28

50% of hospitalizations, 60% pneumonias, 80% deaths

Question 29

Who can take the live attenuated influenza vaccine, who is not recommonded for

Answer 29

ages 2 to 49/ pregnant, egg allergy, immunocompromised adults

Question 30

T/F: The live attenuated influenza vaccine is quadrivalent

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T/F: The pneuococcal capsular polysaccharide is covalently linked to protein carrier

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F: The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is great at preventing pneumonia

Answer 32

False: 97% efficacy for preventing invasive disease while being 32% effective at preventing pneumonia and otitis media

Question 33

What is the series for PCV

Answer 33

4 doses at 2,4,6 months of age, booster at 12-15 months

Question 34

What patient age groups are recommended for the vaccine with what conditions

Answer 34

adults 50 years or older with renal failur, asplenia, CSF leak or cochlear implants, immunocompromised

Question 35

What patients should recieve PCV13

Answer 35

All adults over 65, 50 years old with risk factors