Principles of growth and development Flashcards
Gross motor skills
movements (running, waking, crawling) that involve using the larger muscles of the body (arms and legs)
Fine motor skills
movement (writing, knitting) that involve smaller muscles (fingers, toes)
Life stage: 0-2 years
infant
Life stage: 3-8 years
Early childhood
Life stage: 9-18 years
adolescent
Life stage: 19-45
Early adulthood
Life stage: 46-65
middle adulthood
life stage: over 65 years
Later adulthood
Chomsky’s theory of how children’s logic and reasoning develops
Children all learn langues the same way, all languages follow similar structure
Piaget’s theory on how children’s logic and reasoning develops
Children’s pass through stages of development in a sequence, this is universal
Growth
an increase in a measurable quality such as weight, height or head circumference
How is growth measured (4)
-height
-weight
-dimensions
-head circumference
Development
complex changes/increases in skills, abilities and capabilities
Sitting up age (gross)
9 months
Standing age? (gross)
9 or 12-13 months
Cruising age? (gross)
9-10 months
waking age? (gross)
12-18 months
Briefly grabbing objects (fine)
3 months
Moving objects from hand to hand (fine)
6 months
Pincer grip age? (fine)
9 months
Throwing object age? (fine)
12 months
Drawing lines and circles or turning a page age? (life)
2years
3 examples of gross motor skills
1) Sit unsupported: 6months
2) Walk: 15 months
3) Runs: 18 months
3 examples of fine motor skills
1) dropping objects: 9 moths
2) Pincer movement: 12 months
3) “draw”: 18 months
Riding a tricycle age? (early childhood) (gross)
By 3
Running forwards and backwards age?? (early childhood) (gross)
By 2
Walking on a line age? (early childhood) (gross)
By 26 months
Hopping on one foot age? (early childhood) (gross)
By 4
Hopping, skipping and jumping confidently age? (early childhood), (gross)
By 5
Turns the page of a book age? (early childhood) (fine)
By 18 months
Buttons and unbuttons clothing age? (early childhood) (fine)
From 2
Writing own names age? (early childhood) (fine)
By 4
Joins up writing age? (early childhood) (fine)
6-7
Writes as well as an adult age? (early childhood) (fine)
By 8
Piagets theory
Children pass through stages of development in a sequence
Chomsky’s theory
Children learn languages the same way, all languages follow a similar structure
What is Primary sexual characteristics
It’s directly linked to reproduction, present from work
What is Secondary sexual characteristics??
This is not directly linked to reproduction, a visible distinction between males and females. Developed during puberty.
Primary in girls:
Vagina, uterus, ovaries
Primary in boys:
Penis, testicles, scrotum
Secondary in girls:
Pubic hair, breasts, pelvis widens, curvy shape
Secondary in boys:
Pubic/ facial/ chest/ body hair, voice breaks
Gross motor skills in early childhood
• riding a tricycle 3
• running forwards and backwards 2
• walking on a line 2
• Hopping on one foot 4
• Hopping, skipping, jumping 5
Fine motor skills early childhood
• Turning the page 18 months
• Buttoning clothes 2
• Writes own name 4
• Join up writing 6-7
• Writes as well as an adult 8
