principles of goniometer and MMT

Question 1

MMT

Answer 1

manual muscle testing

Question 2

Goniometric Measurement

Answer 2

provide a baseline, something to determine status and check progress

Question 3

PROM vs AROM

Answer 3

PROM> AROM because relaxes muscle which reduces bulk

active is unassisted

AROM is ALWAYS ASSESSED FIRST, followed by assessment of PROM.

Question 4

muscle spasticity

Answer 4

Spasticity is stiff or rigid muscles. It may also be called unusual tightness or increased muscle tone. Reflexes (for example, a knee-jerk reflex) are stronger or exaggerated. The condition can interfere with walking, movement, or speech.

Question 5

skin contracture

Answer 5

burn so can’t extend arm because of how skin healed

Question 6

examples of charting elbow on goniometer

Answer 6

If neutral zero can’t be achieved, must document it
Ex. Swollen elbow that can’t be extended past 20º flexion or flexed past 90º
Record as: elbow flexion: 20º - 90º
elbow extension: -20º
Note the minus sign preceding the 20 degrees. Indicates lack of ability to achieve 0 degrees.
Hyperextension example: Left Elbow ROM 10º-0º-130º
Or Left Elbow ext: 10º

Question 7

lever notes

Answer 7

Rigid bar that rotates about an axis

fulcrum
load or resistance
effort

Classification
1st class (EFR)
2nd class (FRE)
3rd class (FER)

Question 8

break test

Answer 8

Hold your arm like this and don’t let me move you

Question 9

review slide 37 for 1-5 MMT grading scale

Answer 9

Start with 3 and either place in gravity elim position or apply more resistance depending on strength observed with AROM-(can they get a 3?)

Question 10

types of muscle contraction: by strength

Answer 10

ecc>iso>concentric