Connective Tissue Structure and Function

Question 1

Types of Tissues

Answer 1

1. Connective: supports other 3 tissues

Ex. bones, bursae, capsules ,cartilage, tendons, disks, ligaments, blood.

blood is a transient: in a circulatory system

2. Epithelium
3. Muscle
4. Nerve

Question 2

fibroblast vs fibrocytes

Answer 2

blast: synthetic activity is ongoing

cytes= synthetic activiyt has declined

Question 3

ECM

2 compenents

Answer 3

Extracellular Matrix

1. interfibrillar- increased water in interfibrillar matrix leading to increased abiliyt of ECM to withstand compressive forces.

2. Fibrillar or fibrous component: which has 2 main classes collagen and elastin

A. Collagen: most abundant protein in body (30%) basic structure of collagen is triple helix polypeptide chains known as topocollagen molecule.

type 1: very stiff

type 2: thinner, less ridged

B. Elastin:

• polypeptide chain that has single stands (W/O triple helix)
• yellow in color
• cross linked to form rubber like elastic fibers

Question 4

CT I should know

3 receptor types within ligaments:

Answer 4

1. Ligaments:connect one bone to another and provide proprioceptive info
   - mainly type 1 collagen (more stiff)

3 receptors located w/in ligaments

1. Pain
2. Ruffini (detecting stretch)
3. Pacini (detecting pressure)

Question 5

extracellular matrix

Answer 5

In biology, the extracellular matrix is the extracellular part of multicellular structure that typically provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells

Question 6

define tensile

Answer 6

collagen has this property: means ability to have tension, able to draw out or stretch

Question 7

extracapsular ligaments

intra -articular ligaments

Answer 7

extracapuslar- outside of the joint like collateral ligaments

intra-articular ligaments: located inside a joint (ACL, PCL)

Question 8

Tendons

Answer 8

connect muscle to bones, stabilize joints, transmits forces generated by the muscle to bone

• very little elastin in tendon
• primary type 1 (very stiff)
• avascular so poor healing

Question 9

Tendon structure

Answer 9

Epitenon- sheath covering tendon

paratenon- out layer attached to epitenon

Peritendon- epitenon + paratenon

endotenon- sheath covering fascicles

Question 10

Cartilage

Answer 10

• more resistant to deformation than other fibrous tissues
• contain primarily type 2 collagen
  function: shock absorber, decrease friction, binds joints

3 types:

white fibrocartilage: shock absorber & provide stability

Yellow elastic cartilage: rare, find in outer ear

Articular hyaline cartilage: very thin covering ends of bones, movement is mandatory for health of cartilage

Question 11

cell types

Answer 11

osteogenic- precursor cells

osteoblasts- deposit bone matrix/generate new bone

osteocytes- mature bone cells, derived from osteoblasts

osteoclasts- dissolution of bone/reabsorb old bone

Question 12

wolfs law

Answer 12

bone remodels according to the force applied in response to physcial activity or lack of, and in response to hormanal influences.

• protuberances
• spurs

Question 13

Creep

Answer 13

if a fixed force is applied to a tissue and maintained over time, the deformation proudced by this force will increase over time. force remains constant while the deformation increases.

Question 14

Epithelial Tissues

Answer 14

function:

protect underlying tissues,

provides insulation (hair),

prevents desiccation(dryness),

production of vitamin D

Question 15

epithelial Tissue layers

Answer 15

1. Epidermis (outer layer)
2. Dermis (below epidermis, mesoderm origin)
3. hypodermis- areolar and adipose CT (connects skin to underlying structures