Nerve Structure & Function Flashcards
What does the nervous system do?
Enables the body to react to continuous changes in its internal & external environment. Receiving & processing information from environment Making choices and responding to stimuli �
CNS Central Nervous System
Brain & spinal cord The adult brain is divided into 3 gross parts: Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem -To integrate and coordinate incoming & outgoing neural signals -To carry out higher mental functions (e.g. thinking & learning) Human movement is initiated, controlled & monitored �
corticospinal tract
*Part of the CNS any of the important motor nerves on each side of the central nervous system that run from the sensorimotor areas of the cortex through the brainstem to motor neurons of the cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral root of the spinal cord. - connects motor (cortex) & spinal
define nucleus and tract
Nucleus: a collection of nerve cell bodies in CNS Tract: a bundle of nerve fibers connecting neighboring and distant nuclei of CNS
PNS peripheral Nervous System
All branches of nerves & cell bodies that lie outside CNS. -Cranial nerves -Spinal nerves To conduct impulses to or away from CNS To connect CNS with peripheral structures
define: Ganglion Afferent Efferent
Ganglion: a collection of nerve cell bodies outside CNS Afferent (sensory) n. fiber Transmit signals from sensory receptors (e.g. touch, pain, auditory, taste) from body wall and organs/vessels. Efferent (motor) n. fibers Innervate muscle, glands, & adipose tissue.
(what is a collection of nerve cell bodies inside CNS?)
nuclei
mnemonic for remembering sensory & motor
Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more S - sensory (olfactory nerve - CN I) S - sensory (optic nerve - CN II) M - motor (oculomotor nerve - CN III) M - motor (trochlear nerve - CN IV) B - both (trigeminal nerve - CN V) M - motor (abducens nerve - CN VI) B - both (facial nerve - CN VII) S - sensory (vestibulocochlear nerve - CN VIII) B - both (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX) B - both (vagus nerve - CN X) M - motor (spinal accessory nerve - CN XI) M - motor (hypoglossal nerve - CN XII)
12 cranial nerves
O - olfactory nerve (CN I) O - optic nerve (CN II) O - oculomotor nerve (CN III) T - trochlear nerve (CN IV) T - trigeminal nerve(CN V) A - abducens nerve (CN VI) F - facial nerve (CN VII) A - auditory (or vestibulocochlear) nerve (CN VIII) G - glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) V - vagus nerve (CN X) S - spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) H - hypoglossal (CN XII)
pre vs post synaptic fiber
Pre- shorter Post- longer this is determined by the ganglion *with parasynaptic this is opposite
afferent vs efferent
Afferent or sensory neurons receive information from the outside (sensory receptors) and sends them to other neurons so the body could produce a response Efferent neurons or motor neurons receive information from other neurons and sends that information to effectors (muscles,glands), which produce a response.
SNS somatic nervous system
Provides sensory & motor innervations to body, except for organs, smooth muscle, & glands � Somatic sensory system- detects and relays information about the sense of touch as well as pain and temperature to the brain. Somatic motor system- voluntary (delivers impulses to muscles) �
ANS Autonomic nervous system
Stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands Regulates function of organs & glands not under conscious control Sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions �
cranial nerves and function
I Olfactory smell II Optic vision III Oculomotor eyelid and eyeball movement IV Trochlear innervates superior oblique turns eye downward and laterally V Trigeminal chewing face & mouth touch & pain VI Abducens turns eye laterally VII Facial controls most facial expressions secretion of tears & saliva taste VIII Vestibulocochlear (auditory) hearing equillibrium sensation IX Glossopharyngeal taste senses carotid blood pressure X Vagus senses aortic blood pressure slows heart rate stimulates digestive organs taste XI Spinal Accessory controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid controls swallowing movements XII Hypoglossal controls tongue movements
afferent vs efferent
Afferent neurons are also known as sensory neurons while efferent neurons are known as motor neurons. The difference between afferent and efferent neurons is that the afferent neurons carry impulses from sensory organs while the efferent neurons carry impulses to the muscles as response. The two neurons are connected to each other by the multi-polar neurons.
sensory vs motor neurons
Sensory: carry signals from the outer parts of your body (periphery) into the central nervous system. Motor: motoneurons) carry signals from the central nervous system to the outer parts (muscles, skin, glands) of your body.
Neuroglia
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