Principles of Fracture Management - Complication : Fat Embolism

Question 1

Pathophysiology of Fat Embolism.

Answer 1

1. Fracture of Long Bone.
2. Fat Globules released into circulation following fracture.
3. Lodged in blood vessels e.g. pulmonary arteries.
4. Blood flow obstruction.

Question 2

What is Fat Embolism Syndrome?

Answer 2

Systemic inflammatory response due to Fat Embolisation.

Question 3

Clinical Presentation of Fat Embolism.

Answer 3

24-72 Hours Later : GURD’S CRITERIA .

Question 4

Gurd’s Major Criteria (3).

Answer 4

1. Respiratory Distress.
2. Petechial Rash (Red/Brown/Impalpable).
3. Cerebral Involvement.

Question 5

Gurd’s Minor Criteria (4).

Answer 5

1. Jaundice.
2. Thrombocytopenia.
3. Fever.
4. Tachycardia.
   + Others.

Question 6

Imaging in Fat Embolism.

Answer 6

1. Normal.

2. Lodge Distally - CTPA does not show vascular occlusion but maybe ground-glass periphery.

Question 7

Management of Fat Embolism (2).

Answer 7

1. Operate Early (reduce Risk).

2. Supportive.

Question 8

Prognosis of Fat Embolism.

Answer 8

It can lead to multiple organ failure.