Principles of Exposure and Image Quality Flashcards
Prime Factors of Radiographic Exposure
mA,kVp,SID,and Exposure Time
What affects X-Ray Quantity:
mAs,kVp,SID,and Filtration
What both affect Quantity and Quality:
Kilovoltage and FIltration
What affects the rate of exposure of exposure and is the number of photons produced per second during an exposure:
Milliamperage
The quantity of exposure is also :
Directly proportional to the exposure time
The Unit used to indicate the total quantity of X-Rays in an exposure is:
Milliampere-seconds,abbreviated mAs
The Quantity of exposure and the patient dose are:
Directly proportional to the mAs
Is the Primary controller of radiographic density:
Millampere-Seconds;mAs
Controls both the quality and the Quantity of the X-Ray beam:
Kilovoltage
Is the primary controller of the penetration of X-Rays:
Kilovoltage (kVp
)
Also has an affect on the Quantity of exposure to the IR:
Kilovoltage (kVp)
Is directly affected by kVp:
The Contrast
High kVp produces:
Low contrast images
Low kVp produces:
High contrast images
kVp is the primary controller of:
Radiographic Contrast
Affects the intensity of the X-Ray beam and the Quantity of X-Rays:
Source to Image Distance;SID
How is the intensity of the beam expressed:
Inverse Square Law
The Intensity is _______ to the square of the distance:
Inversely Proportional
The four primary factors that directly affect how the X-Ray image looks:
Density,Contrast,Distortion and Spatial Resolution
Density and Contrast are considered:
Photographic properties
Distortion and Recorded Detail are considered:
Geometric Properties
An image too dark is:
Over exposed
An image that is too late is:
Under exposed
is primary controlled by varying the mAs:
Density
Affects the detail:
Density
Refers to the mass density,or atomic number,of the body part:
Tissue Density
The brightness (Density) on the viewing monitor is adjusted by a control called:
Window Level
Contrast is primarily controlled on:
kVp;Kilovoltage
A greyscale that shows the amount of penetration of each step:
Penetrometer
The range of differences in the intensity of the X-Ray beam after it has been attenuated by the patient:
Subject Contrast
A general unwanted exposure to the radiographic image:
Fog
collimation will also affect the:
Contrast to the image
Is a geometric property and refers to differences between the actual subject and its radiographic image:
Distortion
Always in the form of magnification enlargement:
SIze Distortion
Is the result of unequal magnification of the actual shape of the structure :
Shape distortion
It appears shorter than it really is and occurs when body part is not correctly aligned:
Foreshortening
Projects the object so it appears longer than it really is:
Elongation
Is also a geometric property.Before digital imaging.It was referred to as recorded detail:
Spatial Resolution
Refers to the sharpness:
Spatial Resolution
The geometric factors that control of the image are:
SID,OID and Focal Spot Size
Is the actual anatomic area ,body part or structure shown in the radiographic image:
The Umbra
Describes the “Unsharp edges” of the umbra,or body part,also referred to as a blue or geometric unsharpness:
The Penumbra
Involves movement over which the patient has no control,such as tremors,peristalsis,and heartbeats:
Involuntary Motion
Normally controllable ,although certain patients may be unable to control them;unconscious patients or small babies who cannot hold their breath for a few seconds;patients who are in severe pain,or those who are unable to cooperate:
Voluntary Motion
Term used to describe the situation in which a grainy or mottled (spotty) image is created:
Quantum Mottle
