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Comm > Principles of Epidemiology > Flashcards

Principles of Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

Eg of rates

A

Infant mortality rate

Incidence

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2
Q

Infant mortality rate formula

A

(Infant deaths/Live births) X 1000

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3
Q

Incidence Formula

A

New cases/population at risk

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4
Q

India’s infant mortality rate

A

32 per thousand live births

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5
Q

Which state has the highest infant mortality rate and how much is it

A

Madhya Pradesh

48 per thousand live births

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6
Q

Which state has the least infant mortality rate and how much is it

A

Nagaland

4 per thousand live births

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7
Q

Examples of ratios

A

MMR – maternal mortality rate
Sex ratio
odds ratio
Risk ratio

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8
Q

Formula of maternal mortality rate

A

(Maternal deaths/live births) X1,00,000

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9
Q

India’s maternal mortality rate

A

113 per 1,00,000 live births

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10
Q

Highest maternal mortality rate in which state and how much is it

A

Assam

215 per 1,00,000 live births

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11
Q

Lowest maternal mortality rate in which state and how much is it

A

Kerala

43 per 1,00,000 live births

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12
Q

Sex ratio formula

A

Number of females per thousand males

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13
Q

Sex ratio of India as of Census 2011

A

940 females per thousand males

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14
Q

What is Prevalence

A

Proportion of individuals with disease

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15
Q

Examples of proportion

A

Prevalence

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16
Q

Mortality indicators Examples

A 
Life expectancy
Crude death rate
Specific death rate
Proportional mortality rate
Case fatality rate
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17
Q

What is the life expectancy according to national health profile And what is it in India(?)

A

68.7 years

18
Q

Crude death rate formula And what is it in India

A

(Deaths during one year /midyear population) X 1000

6.2 per 1000 mid year population

19
Q

Growth rate formula

A

Crude birth rate - crude death rate

20
Q

Crude birth rate in India

A

20 per thousand midyear population

21
Q

Growth rate of India percentage

A

1.38%
Calculated by CBR - CDR
20-6.2 =13.8 per 1000 midyear population

22
Q

What is population doubling time using growth rate percentage

A

70/growth rate percentage

Malthusian model

23
Q

What is the limitation of crude death rate

A

It’s a simplest indication of mortality

It is not age/sex specific

24
Q

What are the specific death rates

A

Age
Sex
Disease specific

25
Q

Proportional mortality rate formula using TB as an example

A

Deaths due to TB/total deaths

26
Q

Case fatality rate in terms of survival rate

A

Case fatality rate (CFR) = 1 - survival rate

27
Q

Case fatality rate of rabies

A

Hundred percent

28
Q

CF of Covid

A

1.8–2%

29
Q

What are the morbidity indicators

A

Incidence

Prevalence

30
Q

What is incidence and its types

A

New cases with respect to time
Types are 1.cumulative incidence
2.incidence density

31
Q

Cumulative incidence formula

A

(New cases/population at risk) x 100,1000etc

32
Q

Incidence density formula

A

(New cases/PAR x Time) X 100, 1000 et cetera

33
Q

Point prevalence

A

Proportion of people with disease at one point of time

34
Q

Formula of Prevalence

A

Prevalence=Incidents X duration of disease

35
Q

Prevalence is more in communicable or non communicable diseases

A

Noncommunicable

36
Q

Value of disability weight

A

0.3

37
Q

MDPI of India

A

0.123

38
Q

How to calculate YLL

A

Age at death-standard of life expectancy

39
Q

How to calculate YLD

A

Number of years lived with disability X disability weight

40
Q

Standard of life expectancy age

A

83

41
Q

Best indicator for burden

A

HALE&raquo_space; DALY

Comm (11 decks)

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