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principles of disease > principles of disease formative > Flashcards

principles of disease formative Flashcards

1
Q

what type of gene is retinoblastoma gene (RB1)

A

tumour suppressor gene

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2
Q

what type of tumour is a liposarcoma

A

malignant tumour of fatty tissue

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3
Q

what type of tumour is an adenosarcoma

A

malignant tumour of the glandular epithelium

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4
Q

BRCA1 belongs to which class of gene

A

tumour suppressor gene

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5
Q

what is the commonest type of carcinoma in men in the UK

A

prostate

then bowel then lung

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6
Q

braf is a predictive biomarker of what type of tumour

A

melanoma

identifying mutations in the braf gene is used to select therapy for melanomas

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7
Q 
what type of cancer commonly metastasises to the peritoneum? 
colorectal
lung 
ovarian 
renal 
testicular
A

ovarian

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8
Q

the deposition of fibrin and platelets in moving blood describes which pathological process

A

thrombosis

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9
Q

why is glyceryl trinitrate administered by the sublingual route

A

to avoid first pass metabolism

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10
Q

what is the type of drug trial in which neither patient nor doctor is aware what treatment the patient is recieveing

A

double blind

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11
Q

when administered to a patient, 96% of drug 1 binds to plasma protein while 92% of drug 2 binds to plasma proteins.

How does the level of the active form of drug 2 compare to drug 1

A

100% more of drug 2 in the active form

drugs are only active when unbound from the plasma protein

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12
Q

drug metabolism occurs mainly in which organ

A

liver

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13
Q

which cytochrome P450 is responsible for the genetic variation in the metabolism of warfarin?

CYP1A2
CYP2D6
CYP2C9
CYP2E1
CYP3A4
A

CYP2C9

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14
Q

which antibiotic inhibits purine synthesis

ciprofloxacin 
erythromycin 
gentamycin
trimethoprim
vancomycin
A

trimethoprim

ciprofloxacin - topoisomerase inhibitor
erythromycin and gentamycin - protein synthesis inhibitor
vancomycin - cell wall synthesis inhibitor

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15
Q

which anti-viral agent is used to treat infection with HIV

aciclovir
gentamicin 
nitrofurantoin
nystatin 
saquinavir
A

saquinavir

aciclovir - treats infections caused by the herpes virus
gentamicin - antibiotic
nitrofurantoin - antibiotic for UTI
nystasin - antifungal

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16
Q

what type of microorganism is treponema pallidum

A

spirochaete

17
Q

what is the purpose of bacterial typing

A

to identify bacterial strains

18
Q

in a gram stain what colour are gram +ve bacteria

A

purple

19
Q

what characterises fimbrae

A

involved in adhesion at epithelial surfaces

20
Q

2 medical students are in a patient’s cubicle on a hospital ward. X examines the cervical lymph nodes and Y documents the findings

what is the appropriate hand hygiene before moving onto another patient

A

both X and Y wash hands with plain soap and water

they were both present in the cubicle which counts as patient contact

21
Q

what is the consequence of mitosis

doesn't involve recombination
produces diploid from diploid
produces diploid from haploid 
produces haploid from diploid 
produces haploid from haploid
A

produces diploid from diploid

can involve recombination but not always

22
Q

what is the frequency of heterozygotes for an autosomal gene with 2 alleles of equal frequency

A

0.5

23
Q

what is the consequence of fertilisation

doesnt involve recombination 
produces diploid from diploid 
produces diploid from haploid 
produces haploid from diploid 
produces haploid from haploid
A

produces diploid from haploid

24
Q

how is the X chromosome transmitted

by fathers to daughters but not sons 
by mothers to daughters but not sons 
by mothers to sons but not daughters
only by fathers
only by mothers
A

by fathers to daughters but not sons

maternal X - to sons and daughters

paternal X - only to daughters

25
Q

during which cellular process is mRNA used to form an aa sequence

A

translation

26
Q

what is the key pathogenic feature of systemic type III hypersensitivity?

A

immune complex formation

27
Q

which cell type is the major component of the acute inflammatory response

A

neutrophils

28
Q

what is the major role of fibroblasts

A

produce collagens

29
Q

what is the main function of histamine

A

relaxes smooth muscle in acute inflammation

30
Q

what effect does hypoxia have on tissue healing

A

impairs tissue healing

principles of disease (40 decks)

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