principles of disease formative Flashcards
what type of gene is retinoblastoma gene (RB1)
tumour suppressor gene
what type of tumour is a liposarcoma
malignant tumour of fatty tissue
what type of tumour is an adenosarcoma
malignant tumour of the glandular epithelium
BRCA1 belongs to which class of gene
tumour suppressor gene
what is the commonest type of carcinoma in men in the UK
prostate
then bowel then lung
braf is a predictive biomarker of what type of tumour
melanoma
identifying mutations in the braf gene is used to select therapy for melanomas
what type of cancer commonly metastasises to the peritoneum? colorectal lung ovarian renal testicular
ovarian
the deposition of fibrin and platelets in moving blood describes which pathological process
thrombosis
why is glyceryl trinitrate administered by the sublingual route
to avoid first pass metabolism
what is the type of drug trial in which neither patient nor doctor is aware what treatment the patient is recieveing
double blind
when administered to a patient, 96% of drug 1 binds to plasma protein while 92% of drug 2 binds to plasma proteins.
How does the level of the active form of drug 2 compare to drug 1
100% more of drug 2 in the active form
drugs are only active when unbound from the plasma protein
drug metabolism occurs mainly in which organ
liver
which cytochrome P450 is responsible for the genetic variation in the metabolism of warfarin?
CYP1A2 CYP2D6 CYP2C9 CYP2E1 CYP3A4
CYP2C9
which antibiotic inhibits purine synthesis
ciprofloxacin erythromycin gentamycin trimethoprim vancomycin
trimethoprim
ciprofloxacin - topoisomerase inhibitor
erythromycin and gentamycin - protein synthesis inhibitor
vancomycin - cell wall synthesis inhibitor
which anti-viral agent is used to treat infection with HIV
aciclovir gentamicin nitrofurantoin nystatin saquinavir
saquinavir
aciclovir - treats infections caused by the herpes virus
gentamicin - antibiotic
nitrofurantoin - antibiotic for UTI
nystasin - antifungal
what type of microorganism is treponema pallidum
spirochaete
what is the purpose of bacterial typing
to identify bacterial strains
in a gram stain what colour are gram +ve bacteria
purple
what characterises fimbrae
involved in adhesion at epithelial surfaces
2 medical students are in a patient’s cubicle on a hospital ward. X examines the cervical lymph nodes and Y documents the findings
what is the appropriate hand hygiene before moving onto another patient
both X and Y wash hands with plain soap and water
they were both present in the cubicle which counts as patient contact
what is the consequence of mitosis
doesn't involve recombination produces diploid from diploid produces diploid from haploid produces haploid from diploid produces haploid from haploid
produces diploid from diploid
can involve recombination but not always
what is the frequency of heterozygotes for an autosomal gene with 2 alleles of equal frequency
0.5
what is the consequence of fertilisation
doesnt involve recombination produces diploid from diploid produces diploid from haploid produces haploid from diploid produces haploid from haploid
produces diploid from haploid
how is the X chromosome transmitted
by fathers to daughters but not sons by mothers to daughters but not sons by mothers to sons but not daughters only by fathers only by mothers
by fathers to daughters but not sons
maternal X - to sons and daughters
paternal X - only to daughters
during which cellular process is mRNA used to form an aa sequence
translation
what is the key pathogenic feature of systemic type III hypersensitivity?
immune complex formation
which cell type is the major component of the acute inflammatory response
neutrophils
what is the major role of fibroblasts
produce collagens
what is the main function of histamine
relaxes smooth muscle in acute inflammation
what effect does hypoxia have on tissue healing
impairs tissue healing
