Principles of Classic Conditioning Flashcards
Classical conditioning was first described over a century ago by the Russian physiologist ______________.
_______________ used classical conditioning to explain how humans acquire phobic reactions to objects and events.
John Watson.
Pavlov originally called the phenomenon of his experimental dogs salivating upon entering the experimental room or seeing the experimenter “________________.” He later termed it a “____________________.”
- Psychic secretion
- Conditioned reflex
In Pavlov’s experiment, the stimulus that naturally elicited salivation was termed the __________________ and salivation was termed the ________________; he labeled the neutral stimulus the ___________________ and the salivation it produced the __________________.
- Unconditioned stimulus (US)
- Unconditioned response (UR)
- Conditioned stimulus (CS)
- Conditioned response (CR)
Factors impacting the effectiveness of classical conditioning include:
- _______________ relationship between the CS and US
- Number of _____________________
- Pre-exposure to the ____ or ____
- Temporal
- Conditioning trials
- CS or US
________________ conditioning is a type of forward conditioning and involves presenting the CS so that it precedes and overlaps presentation of the US. The most effective interval is usually about 0.5 seconds.
Delay.
____________ conditioning is another type of forward conditioning and entails presenting and terminating the CS prior to presenting the US.
Trace.
_______________ conditioning involves presenting and withdrawing the CS and US at the same time.
Simultaneous.
_______________ conditioning entails presenting the US prior to the CS. It does not usually produce a conditioned response; its ineffectiveness implies that it’s the contingency of the stimuli (rather than their contiguity) that underlies classical conditioning.
Backward.
Rank the following types of conditioning from most to least effective: Delay, Simultaneous, Backward, Trace.
- Delay
- Trace
- Simultaneous
- Backward
While number of trials tend to increase the strength/persistance of the CR, it will still usually be ___________ than than the UR.
Weaker.
Repeated exposure to the US or intended CS prior to pairing _____________ acquisition of the CR.
Slows down.
___________________ refers to the decay of a CR as the result of repeated presentation of the CS alone.
Classical extinction.
_________________ re-pair the CS and US in order to avoid classical extinction.
Refresher trials.
___________________ is demonstrated in the display of a weak CR after presentation with the CS alone following apparent extinction.
Spontaneous recovery.
