Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions Flashcards
Ellis’ __________________________ conceptualizes emotions and behaviors in terms of a chain of events - A-B-C - where A is the external (activating) event; B is the belief the individual has about A; and C is the emotion or behavior that results from B.
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT).
According to Ellis, the primary cause of neurosis is the ___________________ of certain common irrational beliefs (e.g., that it’s necessary to be loved by everyone; one should be thoroughly competent, intelligent, and achieving in all respects).
Continual repetition.
As defined by Ellis, irrational beliefs are the result of certain _____________________ that include negativism, moodiness, and excitement-seeking, and that interfere with the ability to think productively and rationally.
Biological tendencies.
In REBT, two more events - D and E - are added to the ABC chain:
- D: The therapist’s attempt to _____________________ the individual’s irrational beliefs,
- E: The alternative thoughts and beliefs that result from D.
Dispute and alter.
Beck’s cognitive therapy, also referred to as cognitive-behavioral therapy, was originally developed as a treatment for ______________.
Depression.
Targets of CT include:
- Cognitive _____________
- _____________ Thoughts
- Cognitive _____________
- Cognitive Profile
- Schemas
- Automatic
- Distortions
CT relies on _____________________, which involves developing a collaborative therapist-client relationship and gathering evidenceto test hypotheses about the client’s beliefs and assumptions.
Collaborative empiricism.
REBT, CT, and other cognitive therapies use ______________________ to address disturbances in thinking.
Cognitive restructuring techniques.
___________________________: Meichenbaum and Goodman (1971) originally used this to help impulsive and hyperactive children perform academic and other tasks by teaching them to interpret adaptive, self-controlling thoughts between a stimulus situation and their response to that situation.
Self-instructional Training (SIT).
SIT incorporates the work of ___________ and ____________, who proposed that true voluntary behavior does not occur until there is a shift from external to internal language control, as well as Bandura’s work on observational learning.
- Vygotsky
- Luria
SIT involves ___ steps.
5.
____________________: The client ovserves a model perform the task while the model makes self-statements aloud. Self-statements include questions about the nature of the task, answers to those questions, specific instructions on how to do the task, and self-reinforcement.
Cognitive modeling.
____________________________: The client performs the task as the model verbalizes the instructions.
Cognitive participant modeling.
______________________: The client performs the task while instructing him- or herself aloud.
Overt self-instruction.
_________________________: The client whispers the instructions while carrying out the task.
Fading overt self-instruction.
________________________: The client performs the task while saying the instructions covertly.
Covert self-instruction.
___________________: Entails eliminating obsessive ruminations, self-criticism, depressive or anxiety-arousing ideas, and other unwanted or unproductive thoughts by using such techniques as covertly yelling “stop, stop, stop!” or snapping a rubber band placed around the wrist whenever unwanted thoughts occur.
Thought stopping.
Bonus: This is often combined with covert assertion, which involves making alternative assertive self-statements following thought stopping.
________________________: Focuses on altering the individual’s perceptions of the causes of his or her problematic behavior and has been successfully used to treat depression, anxiety, alcoholism, and several other disorders, as well as to improve the academic performance of underachieving students. Its goal is to help clients attribute their failures to external, unstable, and specific factors and successes to internal, stable, and global factors.
Attribution retraining.
Stress Inoculation involves ___ phases.
3.
Stress Inoculation - ___________________ Phase: Primarily educational, it involves helping the clinet understand his or her behavioral and cognitive responses to stressful situations.
Cognitive Preparation Phase (Conceptualization Phase).
Stress Inoculation - __________________ Phase: The client learns and rehearses a variety of coping skills; specific interventions include direct-action techniques (e.g., relaxation) and cognitive techniques (e.g., replacing negative self-statements with coping self-statements).
Skills Acquisition and Rehearsal Phase.
Stress Inoculation - ________________ Phase: The client applies the coping skills he or she has acquired to imagined, filmed, and in vivo stress-producing situations.
Final Application and Follow-through Phase.
__________________ Therapy was originally described by D’Zurilla and Goldfried (1971) and has been updated several times; it’s most recent version proposes that problem-solving outcomes are determined primarily by two factors - problem orientation and problem-solving style.
Problem-Solving Therapy.
_________________ refers to relatively stable cognitive schemas that can be either positive or negative nad that represent the person’s views about problems and his/her ability to successfully solve them.
Problem orientation.
