Interventions Based on Classical Conditioning Flashcards
Bx techniques using counterconditioning eliminate a maladaptive behavior by pairing a _________________ associated with that behavior with a ________________ that naturally elicits an incompatible behavior so that the maladaptive behavior is replaced by the incompatible behavior.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
- Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Wolpe’s technique of _______________________ is underlied by counter-conditioning; according to Wolpe:
If a response antagonistic to anxiety can be made to occur in the presence of anxiety-evoking stimuli so that it is accompanied by a complete or partial suppression of the anxeity responses, the bond between these stimuli and the anxeity response will be weakened.
Reciprocal inhibition.
Wolpe identified a number of incompatible responses that could be used to eliminate anxiety, including _______________, assertiveness, and ________________.
- Relaxation
- Assertiveness
___________________ was originally developed by Wolpe to eliminate anxiety responses. When using this technique, hierarchically-arranged anxiety-evoking events are paired with relaxation to eliminate the anxiety.
Systematic desensitization.
There are ___ stages to the systematic desensitization process.
4.
Systematic Desensitization Stage 1 - _______________________: The therapist teaches the client to use a technique that produces a state of relaxation.
Relaxation Training.
Systematic Desensitization Stage 2 - _______________________: The therapist and client identify events related to the target behavior and order them on the basis of the amount of anxiety they evoke.
Construction of an Anxiety Hierarchy.
Systematic Desensitization Stage 3 - _______________________: Relaxation is paired with presentation of items in the anxiety hierarchy beginning with the least anxiety-evoking item and (eventually) terminating with the most anxiety-evoking item.
Desensitization in Imagination.
Systematic Desensitization Stage 4 - _______________________: After the client has been desensitized to 75-85% of the anxiety hierarchy items, he/she begins to confront anxiety-arousing situations in vivo if it’s feasible to do so.
In Vivo Desensitization.
_______________________: Used by several investigators to identify the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of systematic desensitization, this strategy involves comparing the effects of the various components of a treatment by administering different components to different groups of participants.
Dismantling strategy.
Which of the following is the factor most responsible for the effects of systematic desensitization?
A. Training in an incompatible response.
B. Extinction, or repeated exposure to the CS without the US.
C. Gradual exposure to anxiety-evoking events.
B.
Masters and Johnson’s (1970) ___________________, based on counter-conditioning, involves pairing situations that evoke performance anxiety with pleasurable physical sensations and relaxation.
Sensate focus.
Research has found sex therapy is most effective for treating which two dysfunctions?
- Premature ejaculation.
- Vaginismus.
When using __________________________, the maladaptive behavior or a stimulus associated with it (CS) is paired with a stimulus (US) that naturally evokes pain or other unpleasant response. As a result, the maladaptive behavior and stimuli related to it are avoided because they elicit an undesirable response (CR).
Aversive counter-conditioning.
______________________________ is used to treat drug and alcohol addictions, paraphilias, and self-injurious behaviors. When using this technique, the target behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus (e.g., electric shock, an emetic). For example, a fetish object (CS) may be paired with an electric shock (US) so that eventually the fetish object is avoided because it produces an unpleasant sensation (CR) rather than sexual arousal.
In Vivo Aversion Therapy (Overt Sensitization).
