Principles formative Flashcards
Where are sperm produced and where do they immediately pass into (what direction does it travel)?
Seminiferous tubules in testes
Pass into epididymis (superior to inferior down tested into vas deferens)
What does the ejactulatory duct contain?
Vas deferens + seminal vesicle duct
What is the penile urethra?
A continuation of the prostatic urethra (runs through penis)
What vessels does the spermatic cord contain?
Testicular artery, Pampiniform plexus of veins, Vas deferens, Nerves, Lymphatics
What is the purpose of the ureter?
To carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
What does an interosseous membrane do?
Connects bone in a fibrous (solid) joint
Where are ribosomes produced?
Nucleolus
Where are lipids synthesised?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is an avascular typically polarised tissue forming sheets that line and cover surfaces?
Epithelium (forms the lining of all organs/vessels)
What type of cells are cartilage cells?
Chondrocytes
How is G protein signalling terminated?
Hydrolysis of the GTP to GDP using the GTPase activity of the alpha subunit
What effect does heat exposure have on muscle tone?
It decreases it (cold causes tense muscles)
What effects are there in a balanced translocation?
None - all the DNA is present
Which virus can cause malignant epithelial tumours?
Human papilloma virus
What process initiates atheroma formation?
Endothelial injury
What cells are involved in fatty streak formation?
Foam cells (lipo-protein loaded macrophages)
How are gastroenteritis causing bacteria spread?
Foecal-oral route (usually food poisoning)
What is the purpose fo the membrane attack complex (MAC)?
Causes cell death by osmotic lysis
Which form of MHC do CD4 and CD8+T cells bind to?
CD4 = MCH class II CD8 = MHC class I
What cells produce CRP?
Hepatocytes
What is the nervous supply to the penis? (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Sympathetic: Pudendal (S2-4)
Parasympathetic: Prostatic nerve plexus
