Principles formative Flashcards

1
Q

Where are sperm produced and where do they immediately pass into (what direction does it travel)?

A

Seminiferous tubules in testes

Pass into epididymis (superior to inferior down tested into vas deferens)

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2
Q

What does the ejactulatory duct contain?

A

Vas deferens + seminal vesicle duct

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3
Q

What is the penile urethra?

A

A continuation of the prostatic urethra (runs through penis)

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4
Q

What vessels does the spermatic cord contain?

A
Testicular artery,
Pampiniform plexus of veins,
Vas deferens,
Nerves,
Lymphatics
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5
Q

What is the purpose of the ureter?

A

To carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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6
Q

What does an interosseous membrane do?

A

Connects bone in a fibrous (solid) joint

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7
Q

Where are ribosomes produced?

A

Nucleolus

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8
Q

Where are lipids synthesised?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

What is an avascular typically polarised tissue forming sheets that line and cover surfaces?

A

Epithelium (forms the lining of all organs/vessels)

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10
Q

What type of cells are cartilage cells?

A

Chondrocytes

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11
Q

How is G protein signalling terminated?

A

Hydrolysis of the GTP to GDP using the GTPase activity of the alpha subunit

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12
Q

What effect does heat exposure have on muscle tone?

A

It decreases it (cold causes tense muscles)

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13
Q

What effects are there in a balanced translocation?

A

None - all the DNA is present

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14
Q

Which virus can cause malignant epithelial tumours?

A

Human papilloma virus

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15
Q

What process initiates atheroma formation?

A

Endothelial injury

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16
Q

What cells are involved in fatty streak formation?

A

Foam cells (lipo-protein loaded macrophages)

17
Q

How are gastroenteritis causing bacteria spread?

A

Foecal-oral route (usually food poisoning)

18
Q

What is the purpose fo the membrane attack complex (MAC)?

A

Causes cell death by osmotic lysis

19
Q

Which form of MHC do CD4 and CD8+T cells bind to?

A
CD4 = MCH class II
CD8 = MHC class I
20
Q

What cells produce CRP?

A

Hepatocytes

21
Q

What is the nervous supply to the penis? (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

A

Sympathetic: Pudendal (S2-4)
Parasympathetic: Prostatic nerve plexus