Principle Behind Sterilization

Question 1

Asepsis

Answer 1

The state of being free of microorganisms

Question 2

Sterilization

Answer 2

The inactivation or elimination of ALL viable organisms and their spores

Question 3

Disinfection

Answer 3

The process of removing or killing most microorganisms on or in a material

Question 4

Sanitization

Answer 4

A cleaning process which reduces pathogen levels to produce a healthy clean environment

Question 5

Germicide

Answer 5

Substance that kills vegetative bacteria and some spores

Question 6

Disinfectant

Answer 6

Substance used on known living objects to render them non-infectious. Kills vegetative bacteria, fungi, and viruses, but not spores

Question 7

Antiseptic

Answer 7

Substance used to prevent multiplication of microorganisms when applied to living systems

Question 8

Plasmid Copy Number

Answer 8

Number of copies of a plasmid in the bacterial cell

Question 9

Transposons

Answer 9

Mobile genetic elements (jumping genes)

Question 10

Insertion Sequences

Answer 10

The simplest transposon. Contains inverted repeats to allow insertion. Contains the gene that codes for transposase (the enzyme that codes for the transfer)

Question 11

Complex Transposons

Answer 11

Carry other genes in addition the insertion sequence on each end (many carry antibiotic resistance genes)

Question 12

Sigma Factor

Answer 12

A bacterial protein needed only for initiation of RNA synthesis that enables RNA polymerase to bind to the gene promoters

Question 13

Mutation

Answer 13

A change in the base sequence of DNA

Question 14

Silent Mutation

Answer 14

One base is replaced, but due to redundant genetic code, there is no change in amino acid sequence

Question 15

Missense Mutation

Answer 15

One base is replaced and results in a single amino acid substitution in the protein

Question 16

Nonsense Mutation

Answer 16

One base is replaced and results in a stop codon