Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Question 1

Chemotherapy

Answer 1

The use of drugs to treat a disease

Question 2

Antimicrobial Drug

Answer 2

Interfere with the growth of microbes within a host

Question 3

Antibiotic

Answer 3

A substance produced by a microbe that in small amounts, inhibits another microbe

Question 4

Selective Toxicity

Answer 4

The ability of a drug, at a given concentration, to harm the pathogen and not the host

Question 5

Bacteriostatic Drug

Answer 5

Inhibits the growth of an organism; host defenses ultimately kill the organism

Question 6

Bactericidal Drug

Answer 6

Kills an organism

Question 7

Synergism

Answer 7

A combination of drugs that has enhanced antimicrobial activity when tested together

Question 8

Antagonism

Answer 8

A combination of drugs in which the activity of one or more agents interferes with the activity of others

Question 9

Penicillins

Answer 9

Target the enzyme (transpeptidase) that builds the peptide cross-bridge in peptidoglycan - results in weakened cell wall and bacterial cell lysis

Question 10

Cephalosporins

Answer 10

Target the enzyme (transpeptidase) that builds the peptide cross-bridge in peptidoglycan - results in weakened cell wall and bacterial cell lysis

Question 11

Vancomycin

Answer 11

Inhibits cross-linkage of peptidoglycan layers. It sterically interferes with the formation of the peptide bridges between the peptidoglycan chains by binding to D-alanine at the end of the bridge

Question 12

Bacitracin

Answer 12

Inhibits peptidoglycan precursors from moving the cytoplasm through the plasma membrane to the cell wall

Question 13

Isoniazid

Answer 13

Inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid

Question 14

Polymyxin

Answer 14

Disrupts bacterial membranes by inserting into the membranes and increasing cell permeability. Once the outer membrane is disrupted, the plasma membrane is susceptible (in gram-negatives)

Question 15

Aminoglycosides

Answer 15

Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, distorting its shape, which influences how the codons are read. Produces mutated peptide chains

Question 16

Tetracyclines

Answer 16

Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, and prevents new tRNA molecules from entering the ribosome. This stops polypeptide elongation

Question 17

Macrolides

Answer 17

Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit blocking the tunnel through which the mRNA travels - prevents polypeptide elongation

Question 18

Lincosamides

Answer 18

Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit blocking the tunnel through which the mRNA travels - prevents polypeptide elongation

Question 19

Chloramphenicol

Answer 19

Binds to the 50S subunit and inhibits the formation of a peptide bond between amino acids - prevents polypeptide elongation

Question 20

Sulfonamides

Answer 20

Competitively inhibit and block the pathway involved in folate synthesis. They act as synthetic analogs of paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA), an intermediate in the folate synthesis pathway

Question 21

Quinolones/fluoroquinolones

Answer 21

Inhibits DNA gyrase (topoisomerase) thus preventing DNA replication

Question 22

Rifampin and Rifabutin

Answer 22

Inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to RNA polymerase