Gram Negative Curved Bacilli and Spirochetes

Question 1

What species of bacterium is motile via flagellum?

Answer 1

Campylobacter species

Question 2

What species of Campylobacter commonly causes self-limited gastroenteritis?

Answer 2

C. jejuni

Question 3

What Campylobacter species is a zoonotic infection and obtained from contaminated food?

Answer 3

C. jejuni

Question 4

What Campylobacter species has been isolated from periodontal pockets as well as oral implants?

Answer 4

C. rectus

Question 5

What species of bacterium produces large amount of urease seen in those that colonize the stomach NOT those that colonize intestines?

Answer 5

Helicobacter species

Question 6

What bacteria colonizes the mucous layer of the stomach?

Answer 6

Helicobacter pylori

Question 7

What bacteria tends to be acquired in youth and persists long term?

Answer 7

H. pylori

Question 8

What bacterium causes chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers?

Answer 8

H. pylori

Question 9

What is associated with H. pylori and stomach carcinoma?

Answer 9

CagA

Question 10

What is the first bacterial oncoprotein?

Answer 10

CagA

Question 11

Strains with Cag PAI are associated with increases in what two things?

Answer 11

virulence and inflammation

Question 12

What bacteria is introduced into cells via Type IV secretion system?

Answer 12

H. pylori

Question 13

Phosphorylated CagA binds to _______ that acts as an oncoprotein.

Answer 13

SHP2

Question 14

What virulence factor degrades gastric mucous?

Answer 14

mucinase

Question 15

What virulence factor causes vacuole formation in epithelial cells and calls up neutrophils?

Answer 15

vacuolating cytotoxin

Question 16

What virulence factor neutralizes gastric acid, calls up monocytes and neutrophils, and stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokines

Answer 16

urease

Question 17

In order to ID H. pylori, you can clinically test for what virulence factor?

Answer 17

urease

Question 18

What bacteria is endemic in areas of poor sanitation and is transmitted through the oral-fecal route?

Answer 18

V. cholerae

Question 19

What disease is caused by V. cholerae?

Answer 19

Cholera

Question 20

What disease ranges from asymptomatic colonization to severe, life threatening diarrhea?

Answer 20

Cholera

Question 21

True or False? Untreated severe cholera can lead to death in a few days.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or False? Cholera only requires a small infectious dose.

Answer 22

False, it requires a high infectious dose

Question 23

What virulence factor is a phage encoded A-5B toxin?

Answer 23

cholera toxin

Question 24

What virulence factor results in increased adenylate cyclase activity and increased cAMP?

Answer 24

cholera toxin

Question 25

What causes overactivation of Cl- channels leading to secretion of water and electrolytes?

Answer 25

cholera toxin

Question 26

What causes the third most common STI?

Answer 26

T. pallidum

Question 27

What is the causative agent of syphilis?

Answer 27

T. pallidum

Question 28

What are single, painless lesions on cutaneous membrane surface?

Answer 28

chancre

Question 29

What stage of syphilis is characterized by chancre?

Answer 29

Primary

Question 30

What stage of syphilis is characterized by generalized mucocutaneous rash?

Answer 30

Secondary

Question 31

What stage of syphilis is characterized by gummas?

Answer 31

Tertiary/Late

Question 32

What stage of syphilis is characterized by transmission through placenta or birth canal and can cause Hutchinson's teeth?

Answer 32

congenital

Question 33

In what disease is there limited knowledge of virulence factors due to the lack of in vitro cultures or in vivo models?

Answer 33

syphilis

Question 34

What is fibronectin coating?

Answer 34

a virulence factor that prevents phagocytosis

Question 35

In what disease is most of the tissue damage caused from host immune system?

Answer 35

syphilis

Question 36

Most species of _______ lack LPS but instead have lipoproteins and glycolipids.

Answer 36

T. denticola

Question 37

Along with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia, _________ comprises the "red complex".

Answer 37

T. denticola

Question 38

______ has strong association to the progression of chronic periodonitis (bone loss).

Answer 38

T. denticola

Question 39

What is the only motile member of the red complex?

Answer 39

T. denticola

Question 40

What bacterium is associated with polymicrobial biofilm?

Answer 40

T. denticola

Question 41

What bacterium is seen deep within the pocket where plaque biofilm meets gingival epithelium?

Answer 41

T. denticola

Question 42

What bacterium has leucine rich repeats?

Answer 42

T. denticola

Question 43

What increases alveolar bone loss when present with t. forsythia?

Answer 43

T. denticola

Question 44

When T. denticola is grown with _______, it binds and works together.

Answer 44

P. gingivalis

Question 45

What virulence factor degrades intracellular adhesion proteins and downregulates IL-1beta, Il-6, TNF-alpha, and CCL2?

Answer 45

densilin

Question 46

What virulence factor is comprised of a histidine kinase (HK) and response regulator (RR)?

Answer 46

two-component regulatory systems

Question 47

In a two-component regulatory system, ______ senses the stimuli from the environment and causes autophosphorylation of the _______.

Answer 47

HK (histidine kinase), HK

Question 48

In a two-component regulatory system, _______ transfers a phosphate to the _______ receiver domain activating it.

Answer 48

HK (histidine kinase), RR (response regulator)

Question 49

A two-component regulatory system leads to ___________ changes.

Answer 49

transcriptional

Question 50

__________ is unique to T. denticola; lacks a typical sensing domain but possesses a unique LytTR domain.

Answer 50

AtcRS

Question 51

Where does phase variation occur in B. durgddorferi?

Answer 51

in the OspC

Question 52

What causes a zoonotic disease from urine water contamination?

Answer 52

L. interrogans

Question 53

What bacteria is common to see in Ironman triathlon competitors?

Answer 53

L. interrogans

Question 54

What bacteria causes skin/mucosal surface abrasions, chills, headache, and muscle pain?

Answer 54

L. interrogans

Question 55

What bacteria is diagnosed via agglutination test (looking for serum antibodies)?

Answer 55

L. interrogans