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Primate Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Louis Leakey

A

found stone tools and the earliest human ancestor fossils in east africa

recruited the “trimates” to study wild primate behaviour

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2
Q

who were the trimates

A

jane goodall
diane Fossey
Birute Galdikas

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3
Q

Jane Goodall

A

studied chimps beginning in the 1960s

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4
Q

diane fossey

A

studied gorillas beginning in 1966

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5
Q

Birute Galdikas

A

studied orangutans beginning in 1971

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6
Q

what monkeys did anne zeller work with

A

macaques

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7
Q

anne zellers work

A

recognizing that primates have emotions- the same emotions as humans

facial gesture, deception, grief, infant socialization, object use, art

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8
Q

when captive primates are given paint…

A

many of them will paint art similar to young preverbal humans

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9
Q

anne zeller recognized that _________ are important to primates and __________ between then

A

facial gestures

interpreted

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10
Q

macaques use objects to make noise for..

A

entertainment and to dominate

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11
Q

primates are models for

A

hominoid behaviour

non human primates provide the only living model for early humans and their ancestors

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12
Q

types of monkey models

A

experimental- controlling specific variables in an artificial environment

natural observation in wild- better but $$ and time consuming

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13
Q

darwin was not the first to study primates, but he was the first to

A

link them to humans

he recognized similarities between animal and human facial expressions

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14
Q

how did darwin compare primates to humans

A

went from examining structure to behavioural comparisons

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15
Q

behavioural ecology

A

what we’re looking at when studying primates in their natural environment

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16
Q

8 things were looking at when studying primates in their natural environment

A 
quantitiy and quality of food
distribution of food resources
dustribution of water
distribution and types of predators
distribution of sleeping sites 
activity patterns 
relationship with non predator species 
impact of human activities
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17
Q

distribution of food resources

A

how widely do they have to travel to be fed- has implications in pre agricultural humans

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18
Q

distribution and types of predators

A

is it every man for themselves? do they protect eachother? would they die for eachother?

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19
Q

distribution of sleeping sites

A

do they have a home base?

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20
Q

primate society structure

A

all ranked societies with some individuals having more dominance than others

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21
Q

more complex primates means

A

more complex dominance systems

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22
Q

dominance is expressed through

A

grooming, birth status, fighting, submission

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23
Q

grooming

A

submissive animal will offer to groom a more dominant animal, if the dominant one agrees thats the beginning of a relationship

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24
Q

grooming is important in

A

courting and mother and infant bonds

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25
birth status
infants born to higher status females will be born at a higher level in the dominance hierarchy can also climb the ranks but thats much harder
26
fighting
used by younger males to beat up older males to get dominance
27
submission
expressing submission to a dominant animal by mooning them
28
sound in monkeys
vocalization, use calls in different ways, have different accents within the same species
29
how do monkeys communicate
sound, odor, body movement
30
odor in monkeys
associated with mating and fear, a lot going on with scent since they have large olfactory bulbs
31
body movement communication
facial expressions | no teeth= friendly, open palm= friendly, teeth= angry
32
Nim Chimpskey
attempt to try to teach apes to sign- experiment was a failure as the main goal was to try to have it communicate a full sentence not just communicate via words
33
teaching primates to speak experiment
raised chimps as infants | after 5 years they could only make approximations of the words "cup" and "papa"
34
roger and debbie fouts
raised the chimp "washoe" like a human- taught her how to sign and washoe used ASL in very creative ways washoe raised an orphan chimp and taught him to sign- even seen shaping his hands
35
kanzi the bonobo
used a board of symbols and using combos to make new words- engaging in complex answers cooked food over fire
36
bonobos
extremely intelligent, capacities beyond many other chimp species
37
are there varying levels of intelligence in primates
yes
38
penny patterson
did studies with gorillas- koko
39
koko
gorilla that learned sign language and used signing in very sophisticated ways- made up words and also lied
40
characteristics of primate and human language
productivity- creative sentences displacement- past, present and future arbitrariness- sounds not connected with concrete objects
41
in all primates excepts for humans...
females are cyclically reproductive
42
pair bonding in primates
rare- except among gibbons who are monogamous
43
chimps and bonobos partnership
consortships where the couple spends a lot of time together and mates repeatedly during that time
44
mother-infant bonding
shapes the learned behaviour in the non human primates
45
importance of mother infant bonding
critical in terms of infants learning learned behaviour0 thus is a provlem in captive primate whose parents have been killed
46
matrolines
female offspring stay with their mothers and stay with the groups- males disperse into other groups to breed
47
consequences of matrolines
good for genetics | often have a group of females that can dominate any male
48
dependancy in primates
social relationships begin with mother and have a long dependency period smaller bodied have smaller dependency periods
49
dependancy periods is proportional to
brain to body ratio
50
primates learning
play is an important part of learning, offspring learn many things in social groups
51
while some species survive mainly off of instinctive behaviour...
primates have a huge dependency on learned behaviour and cannot survive on instinct alone
52
tool
detached object that can be manipulated to perform a function
53
jane goodall tool observation
termite fishing sticks in chimps- chimps getting specific sticks from other areas to carry to a mound
54
west african chimp tool use
stone hammers and anvils to break open nuts- will seek out good stones and carry them to the right place, leave them there for the next season
55
orangutan nest building is argued as
tool use
56
anne zeller argument that macaques use tools
banged crabs and coconuts on hard surfaces- made noise just because they enjoyed it same with rubbing sticks against rocks
57
captive chimps have long been recognized as
tool users
58
gorillas are less adept
at tool use, though one was seen using a stick to measure water depth
59
goodall chimp water observation
chewing up leaves into a mass of wet green cellulose and putting it in hollow tree trunks to get water out
60
is monket art intentional
yes
61
chimp art
``` multiple colours lightest colour first, darkest last straight line pattern paint edges leave negative space ```
62
orangutan art
one colour, almost complete circles
63
gorilla art
linear brush strokes, use fingers, hand, tondue etc
64
proof art is intentional
o Other signing chimps can view these abstract paintings, and when asked what it was they can identify what it is ie. o Tatu painted ice cream, said it was ice cream, other chimp identified it as ice cream black and white painting mimicing human writing

Anthro (12 decks)

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