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Anthro > Primate Behaviour > Flashcards

Primate Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Louis Leakey

A

found stone tools and the earliest human ancestor fossils in east africa

recruited the “trimates” to study wild primate behaviour

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2
Q

who were the trimates

A

jane goodall
diane Fossey
Birute Galdikas

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3
Q

Jane Goodall

A

studied chimps beginning in the 1960s

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4
Q

diane fossey

A

studied gorillas beginning in 1966

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5
Q

Birute Galdikas

A

studied orangutans beginning in 1971

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6
Q

what monkeys did anne zeller work with

A

macaques

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7
Q

anne zellers work

A

recognizing that primates have emotions- the same emotions as humans

facial gesture, deception, grief, infant socialization, object use, art

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8
Q

when captive primates are given paint…

A

many of them will paint art similar to young preverbal humans

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9
Q

anne zeller recognized that _________ are important to primates and __________ between then

A

facial gestures

interpreted

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10
Q

macaques use objects to make noise for..

A

entertainment and to dominate

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11
Q

primates are models for

A

hominoid behaviour

non human primates provide the only living model for early humans and their ancestors

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12
Q

types of monkey models

A

experimental- controlling specific variables in an artificial environment

natural observation in wild- better but $$ and time consuming

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13
Q

darwin was not the first to study primates, but he was the first to

A

link them to humans

he recognized similarities between animal and human facial expressions

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14
Q

how did darwin compare primates to humans

A

went from examining structure to behavioural comparisons

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15
Q

behavioural ecology

A

what we’re looking at when studying primates in their natural environment

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16
Q

8 things were looking at when studying primates in their natural environment

A 
quantitiy and quality of food
distribution of food resources
dustribution of water
distribution and types of predators
distribution of sleeping sites 
activity patterns 
relationship with non predator species 
impact of human activities
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17
Q

distribution of food resources

A

how widely do they have to travel to be fed- has implications in pre agricultural humans

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18
Q

distribution and types of predators

A

is it every man for themselves? do they protect eachother? would they die for eachother?

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19
Q

distribution of sleeping sites

A

do they have a home base?

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20
Q

primate society structure

A

all ranked societies with some individuals having more dominance than others

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21
Q

more complex primates means

A

more complex dominance systems

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22
Q

dominance is expressed through

A

grooming, birth status, fighting, submission

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23
Q

grooming

A

submissive animal will offer to groom a more dominant animal, if the dominant one agrees thats the beginning of a relationship

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24
Q

grooming is important in

A

courting and mother and infant bonds

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25
Q

birth status

A

infants born to higher status females will be born at a higher level in the dominance hierarchy

can also climb the ranks but thats much harder

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26
Q

fighting

A

used by younger males to beat up older males to get dominance

27
Q

submission

A

expressing submission to a dominant animal by mooning them

28
Q

sound in monkeys

A

vocalization, use calls in different ways, have different accents within the same species

29
Q

how do monkeys communicate

A

sound, odor, body movement

30
Q

odor in monkeys

A

associated with mating and fear, a lot going on with scent since they have large olfactory bulbs

31
Q

body movement communication

A

facial expressions

no teeth= friendly, open palm= friendly, teeth= angry

32
Q

Nim Chimpskey

A

attempt to try to teach apes to sign- experiment was a failure as the main goal was to try to have it communicate a full sentence not just communicate via words

33
Q

teaching primates to speak experiment

A

raised chimps as infants

after 5 years they could only make approximations of the words “cup” and “papa”

34
Q

roger and debbie fouts

A

raised the chimp “washoe” like a human- taught her how to sign and washoe used ASL in very creative ways

washoe raised an orphan chimp and taught him to sign- even seen shaping his hands

35
Q

kanzi the bonobo

A

used a board of symbols and using combos to make new words- engaging in complex answers

cooked food over fire

36
Q

bonobos

A

extremely intelligent, capacities beyond many other chimp species

37
Q

are there varying levels of intelligence in primates

A

yes

38
Q

penny patterson

A

did studies with gorillas- koko

39
Q

koko

A

gorilla that learned sign language and used signing in very sophisticated ways- made up words and also lied

40
Q

characteristics of primate and human language

A

productivity- creative sentences

displacement- past, present and future

arbitrariness- sounds not connected with concrete objects

41
Q

in all primates excepts for humans…

A

females are cyclically reproductive

42
Q

pair bonding in primates

A

rare- except among gibbons who are monogamous

43
Q

chimps and bonobos partnership

A

consortships where the couple spends a lot of time together and mates repeatedly during that time

44
Q

mother-infant bonding

A

shapes the learned behaviour in the non human primates

45
Q

importance of mother infant bonding

A

critical in terms of infants learning learned behaviour0 thus is a provlem in captive primate whose parents have been killed

46
Q

matrolines

A

female offspring stay with their mothers and stay with the groups- males disperse into other groups to breed

47
Q

consequences of matrolines

A

good for genetics

often have a group of females that can dominate any male

48
Q

dependancy in primates

A

social relationships begin with mother and have a long dependency period

smaller bodied have smaller dependency periods

49
Q

dependancy periods is proportional to

A

brain to body ratio

50
Q

primates learning

A

play is an important part of learning, offspring learn many things in social groups

51
Q

while some species survive mainly off of instinctive behaviour…

A

primates have a huge dependency on learned behaviour and cannot survive on instinct alone

52
Q

tool

A

detached object that can be manipulated to perform a function

53
Q

jane goodall tool observation

A

termite fishing sticks in chimps- chimps getting specific sticks from other areas to carry to a mound

54
Q

west african chimp tool use

A

stone hammers and anvils to break open nuts- will seek out good stones and carry them to the right place, leave them there for the next season

55
Q

orangutan nest building is argued as

A

tool use

56
Q

anne zeller argument that macaques use tools

A

banged crabs and coconuts on hard surfaces- made noise just because they enjoyed it

same with rubbing sticks against rocks

57
Q

captive chimps have long been recognized as

A

tool users

58
Q

gorillas are less adept

A

at tool use, though one was seen using a stick to measure water depth

59
Q

goodall chimp water observation

A

chewing up leaves into a mass of wet green cellulose and putting it in hollow tree trunks to get water out

60
Q

is monket art intentional

A

yes

61
Q

chimp art

A 
multiple colours 
lightest colour first, darkest last
straight line pattern
paint edges
leave negative space
62
Q

orangutan art

A

one colour, almost complete circles

63
Q

gorilla art

A

linear brush strokes, use fingers, hand, tondue etc

64
Q

proof art is intentional

A

o Other signing chimps can view these abstract paintings, and when asked what it was they can identify what it is

ie. o Tatu painted ice cream, said it was ice cream, other chimp identified it as ice cream

black and white painting mimicing human writing

Anthro (12 decks)

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