Primary visual cortex

Question 1

Nissi technique

Answer 1

stains the rough endoplasmic reticulum, visualizes cell bodies

Question 2

golgi technique

Answer 2

fills almost entire cell, visualizes structure of isolated cells

Question 3

weigert technique

Answer 3

stains myelin, visualizes axonal processes

Question 4

Cytochrome oxiddase (CO) technique

Answer 4

CO is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in ATP production, active cells express more of this enzyme, visualizes cell bodies, cells that have higher metabolism stain more darkly

Question 5

pyramidal neurons (E)

Answer 5

pyramid-shaped cell body, long apical dendrite that extends through several layers of cortex collects and integrates information from many layers

Question 6

granular neurons (B)

Answer 6

round cell body, much smaller than pyramidal, short, locally extending dendrites, performs local integration and dissemination of informatioin

Question 7

number of layers throughout the cortex

Answer 7

6

Question 8

brodmann’s area 17

Answer 8

primary visual cortex

Question 9

highest density layer of the primary visual cortex

Answer 9

Layer 4C

Question 10

which staining of layer 4C is dense

Answer 10

Nissi

Question 11

which staining demonstrates a functional columnar organization?

Answer 11

CO

Question 12

V1 layer 1

Answer 12

intracortical interactions

Question 13

V1 layer 2/3

Answer 13

processing and output (k input)

Question 14

V1 layer 4

Answer 14

input from P and M LGN

Question 15

V1 layer 5

Answer 15

processing and output

Question 16

V1 layer 6

Answer 16

processing and feedback

Question 17

Sub-layer 4C-alpha connections

Answer 17

input from M cells of LGN and projects to 4B

Question 18

Sub-layer 4C-beta connections

Answer 18

input from P cells of LGN and projects to layers 4A, 2, 3, 5

Question 19

Sub-layer 4B composition

Answer 19

large pyramidal cells

Question 20

Sub-layer 4B connections

Answer 20

input from 4C-alpha and projects to MT and V2

Question 21

Sub-layers 4A composition

Answer 21

small granular neurons

Question 22

Sub-layer 4A connections

Answer 22

input from 4C-beta and projects to layers 2 and 3

Question 23

layer 1

Answer 23

Intracortical interactions: few neurons, dense network of synapses

Question 24

layer 2/3

Answer 24

Processing and output; primary input from the Konio and Parvo sublayers of the LGN; contains “blob” and “interblob” areas; projects to “higher” visual cortex

Question 25

layer 5

Answer 25

Processing and output; receives input from nearly all other layers; provides output to superior colliculus

Question 26

layer 6

Answer 26

Processing and feedback; receives parvocellular input from LGN; forms a neural loop with the LGN (reciprocal connections)

Question 27

center-surround receptive field

Answer 27

exclusively found in layer 4C, center=feed-forward, middle=horizontal connections, outer=feedback

Question 28

simple receptive field

Answer 28

orientation selective, may be monocular or binocular, seperate on and off subregions

Question 29

complex receptive field

Answer 29

orientation selective, binocular, no seperation between on or off subregion

Question 30

end-limited receptive field

Answer 30

sensitive to width, orientation, length

Question 31

double color opponent receptive field

Answer 31

red/green or blue/yellow, similar to on/off stimulus

Question 32

disparity sensitive receptive field

Answer 32

involved in depth perception for near objects

Question 33

critical period

Answer 33

appropriate visual input during critical period is necessary for developing proper connections - demonstrates visual cortex is not hard wired

Question 34

amblyopia

Answer 34

reduces acuity due to problem in eye or visual pathway that hinders normal development - causes changes in the numbers, types, and connections of neurons throughout the visual pathway beyond the retina

Question 35

inter-stripes

Answer 35

form information

Question 36

positive disparity

Answer 36

object farter away, high rates of activity

Question 37

negative disparity

Answer 37

objects closer, low rates of activity