neuronal interaction and brain division

Question 1

magnitude of potential/distance relationship

Answer 1

(V=IR) increased resistance over distance reduces magnitude of potential

Question 2

opening of Na+ channels

Answer 2

depolarization to +55mV

Question 3

propagation of action potentials

Answer 3

depolarization of the action potential causes a decrease in potential of the adjacent area -> this decrease exceeds threshold over some area and results in an action potential in that area

Question 4

direction of wave travel

Answer 4

only one direction because excited areas are briefly refractive to re-excitation

Question 5

mesencephalon

Answer 5

midbrain: contains superior colliculus and inferior colliculus

Question 6

metencephalon

Answer 6

after brain: contains pons and cerebellum

Question 7

myencephalon

Answer 7

marrow-brain: contains olive and pyramid

Question 8

rhonbencephalon

Answer 8

hindbrain: contains metencephalon and myelencephalon (and their components)

Question 9

prosencephalon

Answer 9

forebrain: contains telencephalon and diencephalon ( and their components)

Question 10

diencephalon

Answer 10

interbrain; contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Question 11

telencephalon

Answer 11

end-brain; contains cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and olfactory lobe

Question 12

neocortex

Answer 12

new cortex - outermost 6 layers - made up of pyramidal and granule cells

Question 13

ideotypic cortex

Answer 13

part of neocortex - primary motor and sensory cortex

Question 14

homotypic cortex

Answer 14

part of neocortex - association areas

Question 15

mesocortex

Answer 15

middle cortex - 3-6 layers- related to limbic system - includes cingulate gyrus and parahippocampus gyrus

Question 16

allocortex

Answer 16

other cortex - inner most 3 layers

Question 17

archicortex

Answer 17

hippocampal formation

Question 18

paleocortex

Answer 18

piriform cortex

Question 19

anterior region of cerebral cortex

Answer 19

expressive region

Question 20

posterior region of cerebral cortex

Answer 20

receptive region

Question 21

location of limbic lobe

Answer 21

medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere

Question 22

cuneate gyrus

Answer 22

anterior to calcarine sulcus

Question 23

calcarine sulcus

Answer 23

divides cuneate gyrus from lingual gyrus (above cerebellum seen in midsagital disection)

Question 24

lingual gyrus

Answer 24

posterior to calcarine sulcus

Question 25

cingulate sulcus

Answer 25

seperates frontal from cingulate gyrus (of limbic lobe)

Question 26

projection fibers

Answer 26

leave the hemisphere for subcortical targets

Question 27

commissural fibers

Answer 27

interconnect the two hemispheres

Question 28

associated fibers

Answer 28

do not leave the cerebral hemisphere and can be classified as either long or short

Question 29

primary motor

Answer 29

anterior to central sulcus

Question 30

primary sensory location

Answer 30

posterior to central sulcus

Question 31

heschi’s gyri

Answer 31

auditory cortex

Question 32

non-fluent aphasia

Answer 32

motor/broca’s aphasia; front of left cortex

Question 33

fluent aphasia

Answer 33

sensory/wernicke’s aphasia; rear of left cortex

Question 34

rostral

Answer 34

front of brain

Question 35

dorsal

Answer 35

superior aspect of brain or posterior spinal cord

Question 36

ventral

Answer 36

inferior part of brain or anterior spinal cord

Question 37

caudal

Answer 37

moving down spinal cord

Question 38

ependymal cells

Answer 38

cells line fluid filled cavities in the CNS

Question 39

astrocytes

Answer 39

contribute to blood breain barrier

Question 40

schwann cells

Answer 40

form myelin around peripheral axons

Question 41

oligodendrocytes

Answer 41

form myelin around central axons

Question 42

microglia

Answer 42

phagocytic response to nervous system infection of damage

Question 43

consequence of loss of neural tissue

Answer 43

ventricular enlargement

Question 44

mirror neurons

Answer 44

frontal lobe - motor action becomes active when another organism is observed carrying out the same action - seen in autism