disorders of visual processing

Question 1

“software” of the visual system

Answer 1

visual processing

Question 2

“hardware of the visual system

Answer 2

visual efficiency

Question 3

visual efficency

Answer 3

neurodevelopment of eye tracking accommodation, and binocular vision

Question 4

visual processing

Answer 4

how the eyes interface with the rest of the brain and body (interpret visual stimuli)

Question 5

disorders of visual sensory pathways

Answer 5

lesions of pathways from the retina, optic nerve to the striate cortex

Question 6

disorder of visual integration

Answer 6

due to lesions upstream from the striate cortex

Question 7

undetermined disorders of visual integration

Answer 7

disorders not easily classified in the two former categories

Question 8

cone dystrophy

Answer 8

genetic defect that causes malformation of the cones, slow progressive loss of central vision

Question 9

cone dystrophy symptoms

Answer 9

vision during daytime, photophobia, problems detecting colors, problems with sharp VA

Question 10

what type of ocular bleeding affects vision

Answer 10

macular

Question 11

homonymous

Answer 11

same-side visual field defect

Question 12

heteronomous

Answer 12

opposite-side visual field defect

Question 13

hemianopsia

Answer 13

absence of hemifield of vision

Question 14

quadrantanopsia

Answer 14

abscence of a quadrant of vision

Question 15

absolute scotoma

Answer 15

deep, no response to light in that area no matter how bright the stimulus

Question 16

relative scotoma

Answer 16

area of depressed vision, responds to light but may need brighter stimulus to do so

Question 17

is visual field monocular or binocular?

Answer 17

it’s both

Question 18

optic chiasm lesion

Answer 18

bitemporal or binasal hemianopsia

Question 19

optic tract lesion

Answer 19

loss of contralateral field right or left hemianopsia

Question 20

optic radiation lesion

Answer 20

quadrantopsia

Question 21

primary visual cortex lesion

Answer 21

typically congruous, either hemianopsia or quadrantopsia (macular sparring)

Question 22

hemi-inattention, hemi-neglect

Answer 22

inability to draw half of an object

Question 23

spatial neglect

Answer 23

inability to copy an image fully

Question 24

ventral disorders

Answer 24

visual object agnosia, prosopagnosia, achromatopsia

Question 25

dorsal disorders

Answer 25

optic ataxia, ocular apraxia, simultanagnosia, constructional apraxia, akinotopsia

Question 26

primary visual sequelae of acquired brain injury

Answer 26

post-trauma vision disorder, midline shift, convergence insufficiency, processing speed, photophobia

Question 27

ischemic stroke

Answer 27

interruption of blood flow to brain

Question 28

visual effects of stroke

Answer 28

visual field defects, agnosias, neglect, cortical blindness, binocular and accommodative problems

Question 29

prosopagnosia

Answer 29

face blindness

• posterior commissure artery infarct
• fusiform gyrus

Question 30

visual discrimination

Answer 30

difficulty indistinguishing one item from another, confusing or misunderstanding written symbols

Question 31

visual sequencing

Answer 31

inability to see and distinguish the order of symbols, words, or images

Question 32

visual motor processing

Answer 32

inability to use feedback from eyes to coordinate the movement of other parts of the body

Question 33

visual closure issues

Answer 33

difficulty in identifying an object when only parts are visible

Question 34

dyscalculia

Answer 34

difficulties with calculation and number concepts

Question 35

dyslexia

Answer 35

difficulty with reading, writing, spelling word recognition and sequencing

Question 36

dyspraxia/DCD

Answer 36

difficulties with planning movements, co-ordindination, and practical tasks as well as tracking and balance, poor spatial awareness and muscle tone

Question 37

Autistic spectrum disorder (including asperger’s syndrome)

Answer 37

social and communication problems, obsessive, difference of imagination