Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

An optic neuropathy due to raised intraocular pressure. (IOP)

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2
Q

Name some risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma?

A
  • Family history
  • Black patients
  • Myopia
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes Mellitus.
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3
Q

What are some features of POAG?

A
  • Peripheral visual field loss - nasal scotomas progressing to ‘tunnel vision
  • Decreased visual acuity
  • Optic disc cupping
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4
Q

Who gets POAG and how often is it detected?

A

POAG is found in 2% of the people older than 40 years.

It is often detected during routine optometry appointments as it can be insidious.

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5
Q

How are most POAG patients managed?

A

Managed with eye drops that lower intra-ocular pressure.

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6
Q

Name a prostaglandin analgoue, it’s MOA s/e?

A

Latanoprost, Travaprost

It increases uveoscleral outflow.

Once daily administration.

S/E Can cause the iris to turn brown.

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7
Q

Name a beta-blocker, it’s MOA s/e?

A

Timolol

Reduces aqueous production

Avoid in asthmatics and patient’s with heart block.

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8
Q

Name a sympathomimetic, it’s MOA s/e?

A

Brimonidine

Reduces aqueous production and increases outflow.

Avoid if taking MAOI or TCA

Can cause Hyperaemia.

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9
Q

Name a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it’s MOA s/e?

A

Dorzolamide

Reduces aqueous production

Can cause sulphonamide-like reactions.

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10
Q

Name a miotic, it’s MOA s/e?

A

Pilocarpine (a muscarinic receptor agonist)

Increases uveoscleral outflow.

S/E: constricted pupils, headache and blurred vision.

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11
Q

What surgery can be done in refractory cases?

A

Trabeculectomy

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12
Q

What is the normal range for intraocular pressure?

A

10-21 mmHg

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