Primary motor cortex

Question 1

Which type of cells are unique to the primary motor cortex?

Answer 1

Betz cells

Question 2

The motor neural impulses traveling down the pyramidal tract originate from which regions?

Answer 2

Primary motor cortex(30%), Premotor cortex (30%), primary sensory cortex(40%)

Question 3

spasticity

Answer 3

increased muscle tone and resistance to passive manipulation of the muscle

Question 4

Lower Motor Neuron

Answer 4

located in brainstem and spinal cord

Question 5

monoplegia

Answer 5

paralysis of single limb

Question 6

hemiplegia

Answer 6

paralysis of one side of the body involving both upper and lower limbs

Question 7

paraplegia

Answer 7

paralysis of both lower limbs

Question 8

quadriplegia

Answer 8

paralysis of all four limbs

Question 9

What are the two descending pathways from the motor cortex to the lower motor neurons?

Answer 9

Corticospinal, corticobulbar/corticonuclear

Question 10

corticospinal tract mediates what?

Answer 10

Voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles

Question 11

Corticolbulbar tract controls what?

Answer 11

Facial, oral, associated muscles through activation of cranial nerve nuclei in brainstem

Question 12

Spastic hemiplegia

Answer 12

paralysis with hypertonia, hyperflexia, and clasp-knife rigidity

Question 13

pseudobulbar palsy

Answer 13

Causes supranuclear paralysis of the cranial nerves. Associated with bilateral spastic paralysis of speech musculature.
-Emotional facial expression still in tact

Question 14

Alternating hemiplegia

Answer 14

Damage to both the upper and lower motor neuron systems